Alexander was launched in 1801 in the United States, possibly under another name. She became a slave ship in the triangular trade in enslaved people, sailing from Liverpool. A French privateer captured her after she had landed her captives at Berbice. Alexander returned to British ownership and became a West Indiaman, and then a transport. She was last listed in 1816 but may have been sold or broken up in 1815.
| History | |
|---|---|
 United States | |
| Launched | 1801 |
| Fate | Sold? 1806 |
 United Kingdom | |
| Acquired | 1806 |
| Fate | Last listed 1816 |
| General characteristics | |
| Tons burthen | 313,[1] or 314, or 317[2][1] (bm) |
| Complement | |
| Armament |
|
Career
editAlexander first appeared in Lloyd's Register in 1806.[2]
| Year | Master | Owner | Trade | Source & notes |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1806 | R.Prince | Pickup & Co. | Liverpool–Africa | LR |
Although LR gave Alexander's master's name as Prince, it was actually Pince. Captain Robert Pince acquired a letter of marque on 6 May 1806.[1]
Captain Robert Pince sailed from Liverpool on 10 June 1806 to acquire captives in West Africa. Alexander arrived at Berbice on 20 December with 347 captives. She had left Liverpool with 42 crew members and she had suffered eight crew deaths on the voyage. She sailed for Liverpool on 17 February 1807.[3]
The French privateer Alert, of 20 guns and 150–200 men, captured, Alexander, Pince, master, and Ann, Strahan, master, both of Liverpool, and took them into Guadeloupe. Alert also captured Harriet, Thompson, master, of Lancaster, but HMS Mosambique recaptured Harriet.[4] In the engagement with Alerte at 26°15′N 58°10′W / 26.250°N 58.167°W, Alexander suffered four men killed and Captain Pince and four men wounded before Alexander struck. After she captured Alexander, Alerte captured Harriet. Alerte was the former Otway.[5]
By one study, in 1807, twelve British vessels involved in transporting enslaved people were lost, with none being lost while homeward bound.[6] This study obviously missed Alexander, perhaps because Lloyd's List did not describe Alexander as a homeward-bound Guineaman. During the period 1793 to 1807, war, rather than maritime hazards or resistance by the captives, was the greatest cause of vessel losses among British enslaving vessels.[7]
Alexander quickly returned to British ownership, though it is not entirely clear how. She may have been the "English Ship Alexander, laden with Indigo, Cotton, Copper, and Dry Wood" that the Royal Navy captured in the harbour on 21 December 1807 when the Danish island of Saint Thomas capitulated to the forces under Rear-Admiral the Honourable Sir Alexander Cochrane.[8]
Captain Josiah Perrin acquired a letter of marque on 23 September 1808.[1]
| Year | Master | Owner | Trade | Source & notes |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1808 | R.Prince Perrin |
Pickup & Co. | Liverpool–Africa | LR |
| 1809 | J.Perrin | Lancaster | Liverpool–Brazil | LR |
| 1810 | T.Perrin | Lancaster | Liverpool–West Indies | RS; small repairs 1808 |
In the middle of March 1810, an Alexander was on shore near Rio Grande. She was on her way from Liverpool to Pernambuco.[9] Earlier, on 11 October 1809, Alexander, of Liverpool, Pince [sic], master, had arrived at Rio de Janeiro from Liverpool.[10]
| Year | Master | Owner | Trade | Source |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1811 | Perrin Surflen |
Lancaster | Liverpool–Martinique London transport |
LR; |
| 1816 | Surflin | Dodd | London Transport | LR |
Alexander, Surflen, master, last appeared in Lloyd's List's ship arrival and departure data as sailing from Cork on 18 January 1815, bound for Bermuda together with a number of other vessels. Alexander was last listed in 1816.
By early 1816 Captain Surflen was master of a different Alexander, sailing to India.
Citations
edit- ^ a b c d e f "Letter of Marque, p.49 - accessed 25 July 2017" (PDF). Archived from the original (PDF) on 20 October 2016. Retrieved 27 October 2018.
- ^ a b LR (1806), Supple. pages "A", Seq.No.A57.
- ^ Trans Atlantic Slave Trade Database – Alexander voyage #80158.
- ^ Caledonian Mercury (Edinburgh, Scotland), 23 May 1807; Issue 13321.
- ^ "LIVERPOOL, MAY 21". Lancaster Gazette and General Advertiser, for Lancashire, Westmorland, &c. (Lancaster, England), 23 May 1807; Issue 310.
- ^ Inikori (1996), p. 62.
- ^ Inikori (1996), p. 58.
- ^ "No. 16116". The London Gazette. 9 February 1808. p. 199.
- ^ "The Marine List". Lloyd's List. No. 4459. 18 May 1810. hdl:2027/uc1.c2735024.
- ^ "The Marine List". Lloyd's List. No. 4424. 19 January 1810. hdl:2027/uc1.c2735024.
References
edit- Inikori, Joseph (1996). "Measuring the unmeasured hazards of the Atlantic slave trade: Documents relating to the British trade". Revue française d'histoire d'outre-mer. 83 (312): 53–92.