Sir Alexander Frederick Whyte KCSI (30 September 1883 – 30 July 1970) was a British civil servant, Liberal Party politician, writer, and journalist.
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From 1920 to 1925, he served as the first president of the new Central Legislative Assembly of British India.
Biography
editAlexander Frederick Whyte was born on 30 September 1883, the second of eight children, and eldest son born to the Reverend Alexander Whyte DD, and Jane Elizabeth Barbour, who married in 1881.
Whyte attended Edinburgh Academy and read modern languages at Jena University and at Edinburgh University, graduating with a first class degree. During this time he was President of Edinburgh University Union, and after graduation was warden of the Edinburgh University Settlement in 1907–8.[1][2]
He entered Parliament as the Member of Parliament (MP) for Perth (1910–1918), during which time he had been parliamentary private secretary (1910–1915) to Winston Churchill,[3] who was Home Secretary (1910–1911), and then First Lord of the Admiralty (1911–15) at the time. During the First World War, Whyte was a lieutenant in the Royal Naval Volunteer Reserve on special service (1914–17).[4]
He was appointed the first president of the Central Legislative Assembly in India (1920–25). He then took on ambassadorial roles; as political advisor to the National Government of China (1929–32), director general of the English-Speaking Union (1938), and head of the American division of the Ministry of Information (1939–40).
He was also involved in journalism, as the founder and editor of The New Europe (1917–1920), a well-known weekly read by political leaders and students,[5] and was the author of numerous books discussing the politics and economics of the Orient.
Aside from these political roles, Sir Frederick was Chairman of the Indian Red Cross Society (1923) and Reindeer Council of the United Kingdom, as well as being a member of the Athenaeum Club, founded in Liverpool in the late 18th century for the exchange of ideas.[6]
Sir Alexander Frederick was knighted in 1922, and in 1925 a Knight Commander of the Order of the Star of India was conferred in Birthday Honours. Though gazetted on 3 June 1925 as Sir Alexander Whyte,[citation needed] he may have adopted the use of his middle name to avoid confusion with an Alexander Whyte (1834-1908) employed as a government botanist under the British administration in Nyasaland (now Malawi), where he established Zomba Botanic Garden between 1891 and 1895.[7]
It is unclear what involvement in public life Sir Frederick played following 1940. He was no longer at the Ministry of Information, but there is reference to him as chairman of the recently founded Reindeer Council of the United Kingdom in the Nature of November 1949, following proposals to introduce reindeer to Britain.[8]
Further correspondence suggests that as late as 1958, Sir Frederick still had some association with the Indian Red Cross and St. John Ambulance Association and Brigade.[9] A passenger list of that year reveals that Sir Alexander and Lady Fairweather Whyte set sail from Tenerife to England by first class, and Sir Alexander is described as a director.[10]
In 1927, Sir Frederick sat for the photographer Walter Stoneman (1876–1958), and the bromide print along with two negatives remain part of the National Portrait Gallery’s collection.[11]
Family
editAlexander Frederick married Margaret Emily Fairweather, the eldest daughter of the Reverend W. Fairweather DD of Kirkcaldy, in 1912, with whom he had three children:
Sir Ernest Burdon (1881–1957), a fellow member of the Indian Civil Service, was Sir Frederick Whyte's brother-in-law on account of Sir Ernest's second marriage, to Mary Isabella, daughter of Rev W. Fairweather, in 1922.[6]
Publications
edit- India, a federation? (Government of India Press, 1926)
- China and foreign powers (H. Milford, Oxford University Press, 1927)
- China and foreign powers (Oxford University Press, 1928)
- The unfinished task (Houghton Mifflin company, 1933)
- A British view of Pacific affairs in 1936 (Royal Institute of International Affairs, 1936)
- World Outlook (1939)
- India, a bird's eye view (The Royal Institute of International Affairs, 1942)
- India (The Royal Institute of International affairs, Oxford University Press, 1942)
- Japan's purpose in Asia and the Pacific (The Royal Institute of International Affairs, Oxford University Press, 1942)
- India (The Royal Institute of International Affairs, 1944)
- The rise and fall of Japan (The Royal Institute of International Affairs, 1945)
- The Pattern of Pacific Security A Report by a Chatham House Study Group (Norman Bentwich, G E Hubbard et al.. A Chatham House Study Group, 1946)
References
edit- ^ Macaulay, A. B. (2004). "Sir (Alexander) Frederick Whyte (1883–1970)". Oxford Dictionary of National Biography (online ed.). Oxford University Press. doi:10.1093/ref:odnb/56870. Retrieved 28 May 2014. (Subscription or UK public library membership required.)
- ^ Catto, Iain (1989). 'No spirits and precious few women': Edinburgh University Union 1889-1989. Edinburgh: Edinburgh University Union. p. 116.
- ^ p40, The Letters of Arnold Stephenson Rowntree - Liberal MP for York and member of the Quaker family of confectioners
- ^ Who’s Who (1927)
- ^ "Archived copy" (PDF). Archived from the original (PDF) on 16 July 2011. Retrieved 16 December 2008.
{{cite web}}: CS1 maint: archived copy as title (link) - ^ a b Who's Who
- ^ "SABONET Botanic Gardens - Malawi". Archived from the original on 27 January 2015. Retrieved 16 December 2008.
- ^ "Reindeer Council of the United Kingdom". Nature. 164 (4175): 776–777. 1949. Bibcode:1949Natur.164U.776.. doi:10.1038/164776e0.
- ^ p138 Dr Rajendra Prasad Correspondence and Select Documents, 30 July, 6 August
- ^ movinghere.org.uk, record from National Archives[PRO/BT26/1412/8151]
- ^ Portraits of Frederick Whyte at the National Portrait Gallery, London
- ^ According to Who’s Who seems to have died between 1950 and 1951.
- ^ [1][dead link]
Sources
edit- Who’s Who (1927) A & C Black
- Time, 28 June 1926.