January 1910 United Kingdom general election

"February 1910 general election" redirects here. For the Finnish election, see 1910 Finnish parliamentary election.

The January 1910 United Kingdom general election was held from 15 January to 10 February 1910. The government called the election in the midst of a constitutional crisis caused by the rejection of the People's Budget by the Conservative-dominated House of Lords, in order to get a mandate to pass the budget.

January 1910 United Kingdom general election

15 January – 10 February 1910 (1910-01-15 – 1910-02-10)
All 670 seats in the House of Commons 336 seats needed for a majority
Turnout	86.8% (3.6 pp)
First party Second party Third party   Leader H. H. Asquith Arthur Balfour John Redmond Party Liberal Conservative and Liberal Unionist Irish Parliamentary Leader since 30 April 1908 11 June 1902 6 February 1900 Leader's seat East Fife City of London Waterford City Last election 397 seats, 48.9% 156 seats, 43.4% 82 seats, 0.6% Seats won 274 272 71 Seat change 123 116 11 Popular vote 2,712,511 2,919,236 74,047 Percentage 43.5% 46.8% 1.2% Swing 5.4% 3.4% 0.6%   Fourth party Fifth party   Leader Arthur Henderson William O'Brien Party Labour All-for-Ireland Leader since 22 January 1908 March 1909 Leader's seat Barnard Castle North East Cork Last election 29 seats, 4.8% Did not contest Seats won 40 8 Seat change 11 8 Popular vote 435,770 23,605 Percentage 7.0% 0.4% Swing 2.2% 0.4%
Colours denote the winning party
Composition of the House of Commons following the election.
Prime Minister before election H. H. Asquith Liberal Prime Minister after election H. H. Asquith Liberal

The general election resulted in a hung parliament, with the Conservative Party led by Arthur Balfour and their Liberal Unionist allies receiving the most votes, but the Liberals, who were now led by H. H. Asquith following the death of Henry Campbell-Bannerman in 1908, winning the most seats, returning two more MPs than the Conservatives. Asquith's government remained in power with the support of the Irish Parliamentary Party, led by John Redmond. Another general election was soon held in December.

The Labour Party, led by Arthur Henderson, returned 40 MPs. Much of this apparent increase (from the 29 Labour MPs elected in 1906) came from the defection, a few years earlier, of Lib Lab MPs from the Liberal Party to Labour.

Results

UK General Election January 1910

			Candidates						Votes
Party		Leader	Stood	Elected	Gained	Unseated	Net	% of total	%	No.	Net %
	Conservative and Liberal Unionist	Arthur Balfour	594	272	130	14	+116	40.6	46.8	2,919,236	+3.4
	Liberal	H. H. Asquith	511	274	12	135	−123	40.9	43.5	2,712,511	−5.4
	Labour	Arthur Henderson	78	40	17	6	+11	6.0	7.0	435,770	+2.1
	Irish Parliamentary	John Redmond	85	71	0	11	−11	10.6	1.2	74,047	+0.6
	All-for-Ireland	William O'Brien	10	8	8	0	+8	1.2	0.4	23,605
	Ind. Nationalist	N/A	10	3	3	2	+2	0.5	0.3	16,533
	Social Democratic Federation	H. M. Hyndman	9	0	0	0	0		0.2	13,479	−0.1
	Ind. Conservative	N/A	4	1	1	1	0	0.1	0.2	11,772
	Free Trader	John Eldon Gorst	4	0	0	0	0		0.2	11,553
	Independent Labour	N/A	6	0	0	1	−1		0.2	9,936
	Independent Liberal	N/A	3	1	1	0	+1	0.1	0.1	5,237
	Scottish Prohibition	Edwin Scrymgeour	1	0	0	0	0		0.0	756

Total votes cast: 6,234,435.
Electorate: 7,694,741 (7,201,029 in contested seats)
Turnout: 86.8%

Voting summary

Popular vote Conservative & Liberal Unionist   46.82% Liberal   43.51% Labour   6.99% Irish Parliamentary   1.19% All-for-Ireland   0.38% Others   1.11%

Seats summary

Parliamentary seats Liberal   40.90% Conservative and Liberal Unionist   40.60% Irish Parliamentary   10.60% Labour   5.97% All-for-Ireland   1.19% Others   0.75%

See also

• List of MPs elected in the January 1910 United Kingdom general election
• Parliamentary franchise in the United Kingdom 1885–1918
• January 1910 United Kingdom general election in Ireland

Election poster from "Labour Party and Democratic League" (a faction of the British Labour Party)

References

• Blewett, Neal (1972), The Peers, the Parties and the People: The General Elections of 1910
• Clarke, P. F. (1975), "The electoral position of the Liberal and Labour parties, 1910–1914", English Historical Review, 90 (357): 828–836, doi:10.1093/ehr/xc.ccclvii.828
• Craig, F. W. S. (1989), British Electoral Facts: 1832–1987, Dartmouth: Gower, ISBN 0900178302
• O'Brien, Phillips Payson (2010), "The 1910 Elections and the Primacy of Foreign Policy", in Mulligan, William; Simms, Brendan (eds.), The Primacy of Foreign Policy in British History, 1660–2000, Palgrave Macmillan UK, pp. 249–259
• Pelling, Henry (1967), Social Geography of British Elections 1885–1910
• Sykes, Alan (1979), Tariff Reform in British Politics: 1903–1913, Oxford University Press
• Sykes, Alan (1975), "The Confederacy and the purge of the Unionist free traders, 1906–1910", Historical Journal, 18 (2): 349–366, doi:10.1017/S0018246X00023724
• Wald, Kenneth D. (1978), "Class and the vote before the first world war", British Journal of Political Science, 8 (4): 441–457, doi:10.1017/S0007123400001496

External links

• Spartacus: Political Parties and Election Results
• United Kingdom election results—summary results 1885–1979 Archived 30 January 2012 at the Wayback Machine

Manifestos

• January 1910 Conservative manifesto
• January 1910 Labour manifesto
• January 1910 Liberal manifesto