Alexandrine von Hutten-Czapska

Alexandrine von Hutten-Czapska
Alexandrine von Hutten-Czapska
Born	Aleksandra Joanna Maria Franciszka Fabianna von Hutten-Czapska; 3 September 1854; Warsaw, Poland
Died	8 May 1941; Vevey, Switzerland
Burial place	St. Martin's Cemetery, Vevey
Nationality	Polish
Occupation	Novelist
Spouses	Aleksandr Aleksandrovich von Kolemine (m. 1873; div. 1884); Louis IV, Grand Duke of Hesse (m. 1884; ann. 1884); Vasily Romanovich von Bacheracht (m. 1893);
Children	1
Parents	Adam Hutten-Czapski (father); Maria Anna Beydo-Rzewuska (mother);
	Writing career
Pen name	Ary Ecilaw
Period	1885–1901
Notable works	Le roi de Thessalie (1886); L'Officier bleu (1889);

Alexandrine Countess von Hutten-Czapska (3 September 1854 in Warsaw, Poland – 8 May 1941 in Vevey, Switzerland), was also known as Aleksandra Joanna Maria Franciszka Fabianna or Aleksandra Adamovna Kolemina-Bacheracht. She was a Polish novelist and published fictional works in French under the pseudonym Ary Ecilaw.^[1]^[2]

Early life

Her father was a Chamberlain of the Russian Empire, Count Adam Józef Erazm Hutten-Czapski, and his wife, Countess Maria Anna Katarzyna Rzewuska.^[3] She had a brother, Count Adam Hutten-Czapski (1849-1914), and a sister, Countess Henrietta Julia of Plater-Zyberk (1847-1905). She was Catholic,^[4] and grew up in Paris, France. She left with her mother and sister for Stockholm, Sweden, in 1870. On 21 February 1873, in the Russian church in Vevey, Switzerland, she married the Russian resident minister Aleksandr Aleksandrovich Kolemine (1844–1894), whom she had met during a trip to Switzerland. Their only son Yuri was born in 1874 in Switzerland. The couple had a stormy relationship, moved to Darmstadt, Germany, and divorced in March 1884.^[5]

Her second husband was Louis IV, Grand Duke of Hesse, recently widowed with the death of his wife Princess Alice. The morganatic marriage of Louis and Alexandrine lasted only a few months from 30 April to 9 July 1884, because of objections by the grand duke's late wife's mother, Queen Victoria.^[5] The union was annulled and the court in Leipzig approved the divorce on 19 December 1884. From her husband, Aleksandra received the title of Countess of Romrod and a life pension. Based on an extensive interview with her, a brochure was published in Leipzig, Germany, entitled Frau Kolemine, in which she was presented in a good light.^[5]

Literary career

Her literary career gained momentum beginning in 1884 and in a short time, her books typically reached five or six editions. It was believed that the writer behind the pseudonym Ary Ecilaw was a woman (it was also suspected incorrectly that it could be the French publisher Alphonse Lemerre). It was thought the author was someone who knew the secrets of European courts and that French was not the native language. Several of Ecilaw's books were translated into English: Roland, or The Expiation of a Sin and Le Roi de Thessalie (The Romance of a German Court)^[6] were published by Remington & Co in 1886; an alternative translation of Le Roi de Thessalie by NT Laylock as Her Royal Lover was published in New York in 1890. Le Roi de Thessalie was also translated into Italian, German and Polish.^[5] The novel served as the basis for Ecilaw's play L'Officier bleu, which was staged by Victor Koning in 1889. It's Paris premier was repeatedly delayed by scandal.

Ecilaw's novels were a success, according to Soroka:^[5]

"In 1885 and 1886, Aleksandra Adamovna published in Paris under the pseudonym 'Ary Ecilaw.' Le roi de Thessalie, 'The King of Thessaly' narrated the story of Kolemina's two marriages and divorces... The book became a scandalous success and was translated from its original French into several other languages. Today it reads poorly, the only lively parts being those in which Aleksandra Adamovna takes bites out of her heroine's enemies: the red-faced, short, and fat Queen Victoria and her brutal son-in-law the German Crown Prince Frederic." ... "Aleksandra Adamovna produced two more novels as Ary Ecilaw. One, Une Altesse Imperiale (An Imperial Highness), a lurid romance about the Romanovs, went through six editions within ten days of publication."

Later life

In September 1892 or May 1893, she married Vasily Romanovich Bacheracht (1851–1916), secretary of the Russian Empire embassy who served in several countries, with his last post in Switzerland. He was the son of Russian Consul-General Robert Gabriel von Bacheracht (1798-1884), former husband of Therese von Lützow.^[7] They had no children, but Vasily remained on good terms with his stepson Yuri. By the end of the 19th century, Aleksandra Adamovna Kolemina-Bacheracht was no longer mentioned in the press except for one exception, when she visited the Sultan's harem in Marrakesh, Morocco, and sent gifts to his wives.^[5]

On 22 July 1927, she received Swiss citizenship through naturalization.

In the last years of her life, she lived at the Hotel Trois Couronnes in Vevey. She died there at 95 on 5 or 8 May 1941 and was buried next to her last husband in the cemetery of St. Martin's parish.

Bibliography

Roland, 1885
Le roi de Thessalie, 1886
Une altesse impériale, 1886
Véra, 1886 – novella published in Le Figaro
Maël, comtesse d'Arcq, 1888
L'Officer bleu, 1889 – play based on Le roi de Thessalie
Une mission à la cour chérifienne: notes de voyages, 1901 – memoir of Ecilaw's visit to Morocco and commentary on the court of King Abdelaziz.