Wikipedia

Alezheriyeqo Kushiku

Alezheriyeqo Kushiku Qeytuqo (Kabardian: Алэджэрыекъуэ Кущыку Къетыкъуэ, Ажджэриикъуэ Кушыку, Russian: Ажджэриикъуэ Кушыку), was a Circassian military commander and prince. He took part in the Russo-Circassian War.[4]

Alezheriyeqo Kushiku Qeytuqo
Alezheriyeqo Kushiku in Russian sources, 1825[1]
Nickname(s)The Guide of the Circassian Land[2][3]
Born18th century
Kabardia, Circassia
Died1829
Besleney, Circassia
Allegiance Circassian Confederation
Battles / warsRusso-Circassian War

Biography

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Tamga of the Qeytuqo clan.[5]

Name

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Kushiku's surname is Qeytuqo, and Alezheriyeqo means "Alezh's son".[6] In different sources, it is found as Azhdzheriyiqo, Adzhgirej, or Kushuk, Kushikupsh. In Circassian languages, names and surnames ending with the suffix '-psh', as in the variant Kushikupsh, imply that the person is a prince, derived from the word 'pshi', meaning prince.

Early life

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Since the Circassians did not write their history and all the information comes from external sources, the details about Alezheriyeqo's youth are not well-documented. He was a member of the Qeytuqo family, one of the Kabardian princely families.[7] His exact birth date is not known. Alezheriyeqo was born in Kabardia and raised with a martial education.[7] He was a nephew—probably from his mother's side—of Prince Hatokshoqo Karamirza Aliy.[8][9]

Russo-Circassian War

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He has participated in wars against the Russians since his youth.[10][11] He was one of the Hajret Kabardians who migrated to Western Circassia after the Russian occupation of Kabardia to continue the war.[12][13] He lived in the village of Vulape, located in the Besleney lands on the banks of the Urup River.[14] In Circassian folk tales, Alezheriyeqo's skill in finding directions by observing the stars is frequently mentioned.[7] As a famous cavalry commander among the Circassians, many songs, laments, and stories have been told about him in both Adyghe and Kabardian.[11][15][16] Even during his lifetime, songs were sung about him.[16] It has been recorded that when a call to arms was issued, the warriors promptly assembled under his command.[15] He was a friend of famous commanders and warriors such as Khirtsizhiqo Ale and Shogen Shumakho.[11][12][17]

Duel with Prince Astemir

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Main article: Laba Massacre

On April 1, 1825, General Velyaminov issued an order to destroy the villages of Hajret Kabardians.[8] On April 5, the Russian army, under the command of Fedor Aleksandrovich Bekovich-Cherkasski, launched an unexpected attack on the Karamirzey village in the Besleney region. The Russians obtained the exact location of the village, as well as the difficult routes to avoid detection, by interrogating a captured shepherd.[18] Karamirzey was 7-8 times larger than other Circassian villages.[18] The villagers were Hajret Kabardians, and the village was named after its prince; famous Hajret Kabardian Prince Karamırza Aliy. Besides Aliy, famous warriors also lived in this village.[7][19][20][21][22]

During the attack, Prince Karamırza Aliy was killed, the village was plundered, set on fire, and destroyed, the villagers were massacred, and the surviving minority was taken captive.[9] When the Jambolat Qeytuqo and Alezheriyeqo's armies arrived at the village, the Russians had already retreated.[23] The two wives of Karamirza, named Khaniy and Yelmiskhan, were captured as spoils of war, and Khaniy was gifted to Prince Astemir, who had helped in the destruction of the village.[7][24] Upon hearing the news, the Circassian commanders decided to seek revenge on those who had helped the Russians in the massacre. Alezheriyeqo rode 400 kilometers and arrived at Astemirov's village in Lesser Kabardia, challenging him to a duel. Alezheriyeqo killed Astemirov and took the widowed wife of Karamirza Aliy back to Western Circassia.[7][19][20][21][22]

Death

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In 1829, he was severely wounded in a battle on the banks of the Urup River and died from his injuries.[10][25] After the battle, his body was carried on horseback to his village by his cavalries.[10]

Legacy

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There are nearly 50 folkloric elements recorded in the archives of the Adygea Institute of Social Sciences related to Alezheriyeqo Kushiku.[4][14]

References

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  1. ^ Гожба, Руслан. "Кавказская война и исход горцев". apsnyteka.org. Archived from the original on 2024-11-26. Retrieved 2024-11-26.
  2. ^ admin (2023-04-02). "Bir Kuşukupş, Üç Hikaye". Махуэрытх / Günlük (in Turkish). Archived from the original on 2024-11-26. Retrieved 2024-11-26.
  3. ^ "General Zass'ın Kızının Adigeler Tarafından Kaçırılışı. – ÇERKES-FED" (in Turkish). 2020-04-17. Archived from the original on 2024-11-26. Retrieved 2024-11-26.
  4. ^ a b "Milletin Özgürlüğü İçin Canla Başla Mücadele Ettiler!". cherkessia.net (in Turkish). 2021-05-24. Archived from the original on 2024-11-26. Retrieved 2024-11-26.
  5. ^ Адыгэ лъэкъуацӀэхэмрэ тамыгъэхэмрэ [Circassian surnames and tamgas] (in Adyghe). 2012. p. 260.
  6. ^ "Наши имена. Часть I. Мужские имена". Адыгэ Хэку (in Russian). 2005-07-14. Archived from the original on 2024-11-26. Retrieved 2024-11-26.
  7. ^ a b c d e f "КУШУК АЖДЖЕРИ » Адыги .RU - Новости Адыгеи, история, культура и традиции адыгов (черкесов)". Адыги .RU - Новости Адыгеи, история, культура и традиции адыгов (черкесов) (in Russian). Archived from the original on 2024-11-26. Retrieved 2024-11-26.
  8. ^ a b Владимировна, Бойденко Светлана; Викторович, Скиба Константин (2017). "Погром аула беглых кабардинцев князя Али Карамурзина в литературном наследии Ильи Тимофеевича Радожицкого". Журнал Фронтирных Исследований (4 (8)): 14–38.
  9. ^ a b Gazetesi, Jineps (2024-05-22). "Къарэмырзэ Алий и къуажэм теухуауэ иджыри зы тхылъ". Jineps Gazetesi (in Turkish). Archived from the original on 2024-11-28. Retrieved 2024-11-28.
  10. ^ a b c "Ажджэрий и къуэ Кушыкупщ | Электронная газета "Адыгэ псалъэ"". apkbr.ru. Archived from the original on 2024-11-26. Retrieved 2024-11-26.
  11. ^ a b c "General Zass'ın Kızının Adigeler Tarafından Kaçırılışı. – ÇERKES-FED" (in Turkish). 2020-04-17. Archived from the original on 2024-11-26. Retrieved 2024-11-26.
  12. ^ a b "LABE'LiLERiN AĞITI". Gerçek sizi özgür kılar! ⚜️ The truth will set you free! (in Turkish). 2023-03-02. Archived from the original on 2024-11-26. Retrieved 2024-11-26.
  13. ^ "'Magamet Aşe'nin Şehit Olduğu Yeri Bilmiyorsan Çerkes Değilsin!': DİASPORANIN HAFIZASINDA RUS-KAFKAS SAVAŞLARI – ÇERKES-FED" (in Turkish). Archived from the original on 2024-11-26. Retrieved 2024-11-26.
  14. ^ a b "Çetao İbrahim | KAHRAMANLARIMIZI TANIYALIM - ALECERİYEKO KUŞUK". Cherkessia.net (in Turkish). 2014-05-03. Archived from the original on 2024-11-26. Retrieved 2024-11-26.
  15. ^ a b "ГЪУАЗЭМ И ЗЭФIЭКIЫР | Электронная газета "Кабардино-Балкария"". elgkbr.ru. Archived from the original on 2024-11-26. Retrieved 2024-11-26.
  16. ^ a b Пащтыхь зауэжьыр зэриухрэ 150-рэ щрикъум ирихьэлIэу (PDF) (in Russian). p. 236-95-230.
  17. ^ "Çetao İbrahim | KAHRAMANLARIMIZI TANIYALIM (2) - HIRTSIJIKO ALE". Cherkessia.net (in Turkish). 2014-05-03. Archived from the original on 2024-07-05. Retrieved 2024-11-26.
  18. ^ a b "Ещё раз о предателях своего народа. » Адыги .RU - Новости Адыгеи, история, культура и традиции адыгов (черкесов)". Адыги .RU - Новости Адыгеи, история, культура и традиции адыгов (черкесов) (in Russian). Archived from the original on 2024-11-27. Retrieved 2024-11-27.
  19. ^ a b "«Лабэжьу тхьэр зыдэбгам лъы бахъаер къызэрыдох…»". Адыгэ Хэку (in Kabardian). 2019-05-20. Archived from the original on 2024-11-26. Retrieved 2024-11-26.
  20. ^ a b "Дуэль черкеского князя Кушука Ажгирея и первостепенного дворянина Эдига Астемира » Адыги .RU - Новости Адыгеи, история, культура и традиции адыгов (черкесов)". Адыги .RU - Новости Адыгеи, история, культура и традиции адыгов (черкесов) (in Russian). Archived from the original on 2024-11-26. Retrieved 2024-11-26.
  21. ^ a b admin (2023-04-01). "Labe'de Yaşayanların Ağıdı". Махуэрытх / Günlük (in Turkish). Archived from the original on 2024-11-26. Retrieved 2024-11-26.
  22. ^ a b admin (2023-04-02). "Jabağı gibi bilgeliğe, (Ajgeriy) Kuşıkupş gibi cesarete sahip gençlerdir geleceğimizi kurtaracak olan..." Махуэрытх / Günlük (in Turkish). Archived from the original on 2024-11-26. Retrieved 2024-11-26.
  23. ^ "Лабэдэсхэм я гуауэ | Электронная газета "Адыгэ псалъэ"". apkbr.ru. Archived from the original on 2024-11-26. Retrieved 2024-11-26.
  24. ^ "Ажгериев (Ажджерий) Кучук (Кушук » Адыги .RU - Новости Адыгеи, история, культура и традиции адыгов (черкесов)". Адыги .RU - Новости Адыгеи, история, культура и традиции адыгов (черкесов) (in Russian). Archived from the original on 2024-11-26. Retrieved 2024-11-26.
  25. ^ "Выбор души. История дочери Засса c дополнениями (Казбек Сиюхов) / Проза.ру". proza.ru (in Russian). Archived from the original on 2024-11-26. Retrieved 2024-11-26.
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