Ali bin Hussein, King of Hejaz

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Ali bin Hussein bin Ali al-Hashimi GBE (Arabic: علي بن الحسين بن علي الهاشمي, romanizedʿAlī ibn al-Ḥusayn ibn ʿAlī al-Hāshimī; 1879 – 13 February 1935), was King of Hejaz and Grand Sharif of Mecca from October 1924 until he was deposed by Ibn Saud in December 1925. He was the eldest son of King Hussein bin Ali and a scion of the Hashemite family. With the passing of the kingship from his father he also became the heir to the title of caliph, but he did not adopt the office and the style of caliph.

Ali bin Hussein
علي بن الحسين بن علي الهاشمي
Custodian of the Two Holy Mosques
Photograph by Zoltan Kluger, 1933
King of Hejaz
Sharif of Mecca
Reign3 October 1924 – 19 December 1925
PredecessorHussein bin Ali
SuccessorIbn Saud (as King of Hejaz)
Sharifate abolished
Born1879
Mecca, Hejaz, Ottoman Empire
Died13 February 1935(1935-02-13) (aged 55–56)
Baghdad, Kingdom of Iraq
Burial
SpouseNafissa Khanum
Issue
HouseHashemite
FatherHussein bin Ali
MotherAbdiya bin Abdullah
ReligionSunni Islam[1]

Early life

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The eldest son of Hussein, Ali bin Hussein was born in Mecca and was educated at Ghalata Serai College (Galatasaray High School) in Istanbul. His father was appointed Grand Sharif of Mecca by the Ottoman Empire in 1908. However, his relationship with the Young Turks in control of the Empire increasingly became strained, and, in 1916, he became one of the leaders of the Arab Revolt against Turkish rule. Following the Revolt's success, Hussein made himself the first King of Hejaz with British support. While Hussein's sons Abdullah and Faisal were made kings of Jordan and Iraq, respectively, Ali remained the heir to his father's lands in Arabia.

Ruling Hejaz

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King Hussein soon found himself embroiled in fighting with the House of Saud, based in Riyadh. Following military defeats by Abdulaziz ibn Saud, King Hussein abdicated all of his secular titles to Ali on 3 October 1924. (Hussein had previously awarded himself the religious title of Caliph in March of that year.)

In December of the following year, Saudi forces finally overran the Hashemite Kingdom of Hejaz, which they eventually incorporated into the Kingdom of Saudi Arabia. Ali and his family fled to Iraq.

 
Ali bin Hussein with Daoud El-Issa, journalist and manager of the Falastin newspaper, aboard a ship at Jaffa, Mandatory Palestine in 1933

Ali bin Hussein died in Baghdad in the Hashemite Kingdom of Iraq in 1935. He had four daughters and one son, 'Abd al-Ilah, who went on to become the regent of the Kingdom of Iraq during the minority of King Faisal II.

Marriage and children

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In 1906 Ali married Nafissa Khanum, daughter of Emir Abdullah bin Muhammad Pasha, Grand Sharif and Emir of Mecca at Yeniköy, Bosphorus.[citation needed] They had one son and four daughters:

Ancestry

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Hashim
(eponymous ancestor)
Abd al-Muttalib
Abu TalibAbdallah
Muhammad
(Islamic prophet)
Ali
(fourth caliph)
Fatimah
Hasan
(fifth caliph)
Hasan Al-Mu'thanna
Abdullah
Musa Al-Djawn
Abdullah
Musa
Muhammad
Abdullah
Ali
Suleiman
Hussein
Issa
Abd Al-Karim
Muta'in
Idris
Qatada
(Sharif of Mecca)
Ali
Hassan
(Sharif of Mecca)
Abu Numayy I
(Sharif of Mecca)
Rumaythah
(Sharif of Mecca)
'Ajlan
(Sharif of Mecca)
Hassan
(Sharif of Mecca)
Barakat I
(Sharif of Mecca)
Muhammad
(Sharif of Mecca)
Barakat II
(Sharif of Mecca)
Abu Numayy II
(Sharif of Mecca)
Hassan
(Sharif of Mecca)
Abdullah
(Sharif of Mecca)
Hussein
Abdullah
Muhsin
Auon, Ra'i Al-Hadala
Abdul Mu'een
Muhammad
(Sharif of Mecca)
Ali
  Hussein
(Sharif of Mecca King of Hejaz)
  Ali
(King of Hejaz)
  Abdullah I
(King of Jordan)
  Faisal I
(King of Syria King of Iraq)
Zeid
(pretender to Iraq)
'Abd Al-Ilah
(Regent of Iraq)
  Talal
(King of Jordan)
  Ghazi
(King of Iraq)
Ra'ad
(pretender to Iraq)
  Hussein
(King of Jordan)
  Faisal II
(King of Iraq)
Zeid
  Abdullah II
(King of Jordan)
Hussein
(Crown Prince of Jordan)


References

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  1. ^ IRAQ – Resurgence In The Shiite World – Part 8 – Jordan & The Hashemite Factors APS Diplomat Redrawing the Islamic Map, Februari 14, 2005 Archived 2018-12-25 at the Wayback Machine
  2. ^ "Iraqi Princess Badiya bint Ali dies aged 100". Al Khaleej. May 10, 2020. Retrieved May 6, 2023.
  3. ^ Kamal Salibi (15 December 1998). The Modern History of Jordan. I.B.Tauris. ISBN 9781860643316. Retrieved 7 February 2018.
  4. ^ "Family tree". alhussein.gov. 1 January 2014. Retrieved 8 February 2018.
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  Media related to Ali of Hejaz at Wikimedia Commons

Ali ibn Hussein
Born: 1879 Died: 13 February 1935
Regnal titles
Preceded by King of Hejaz
3 October 1924 – 19 December 1925
Succeeded by
Sharif and Emir of Mecca
3 October 1924 – 19 December 1925
Succeeded by
Khalid ibn Lu'ayy
as Emir of Mecca
Political offices
New creation Prime Minister of Hejaz
October 1916 – 3 October 1924
Succeeded by
Preceded by Emir of Medina
2 February 1919 – 3 October 1924
Succeeded by
Ahmad ibn Mansur