Alida van Rensselaer Livingston (née Schuyler; 1656–1727) was a Dutch businesswoman in Dutch Colonial America (New Netherlands) who exerted a considerable influence in the life of the colony.
Alida van Rensselaer Livingston | |
|---|---|
| Born | Alida Schuyler 1656 Beverwyck, Albany, Province of New York |
| Died | 1727 |
| Spouses | |
| Children | 9, including Philip and Robert |
| Parent(s) | Philip Pieterse Schuyler Margaretha van Slichtenhorst |
| Relatives | See Schuyler family |
Early life
editAlida Schuyler was born in Beverwyck (Albany), in the New Netherlands (New York) as the daughter of the wealthy fur trader Philip Pieterse Schuyler (1628-1683) and Margaretha van Slichtenhorst (1628-1711), originally immigrants from Germany.[1] She was one of ten children born to her parents, including Pieter Schuyler (1657–1724), Arent Schuyler (1662–1730) and Gertruj Schuyler (b. 1654), who was married to Stephanus van Cortlandt (1643–1700).[2]
Career
editAlida Schuyler was a major businesswoman particularly during her second marriage: she acted as the business partner and political and economical adviser to him, and together, they divided the responsibility of the business and exerted a considerable economic and political influence in the colony.
In 1686, the couple managed to acquire city privileges for Albany. She also participated in a long term lawsuit about the inheritance of her first spouse against his relatives. From 1686, she resided at Livingston Manor. She retired from business for health reasons in 1716.
Alida Schuyler has been taken as an example of an independent American colonial businesswoman. She is also known as the matriarch of several American families.
Personal life
editIn 1675, she married Nicholas van Rensselaer (1636–1678), the fourth son of Kiliaen van Rensselaer, a Dutch diamond and pearl merchant from Amsterdam who was one of the founders and directors of the Dutch West India Company, who was instrumental in the establishment of New Netherland and in 1630, became the first patroon of Rensselaerswyck. Her husband, Nicholas, a minister, died shortly after their marriage in 1678.[3]
In 1679, she married her late husband's secretary, Robert Livingston the Elder (1654-1728), the first Lord of Livingston Manor, in 1679. Robert Livingston amassed one of the largest fortunes in 17th-century New York. They had nine children together:[4]
- Rebecca Livingston (1680-1747), who married John Buchanan (1676-1749)
- Margaret Livingston (1681–1758), who married Samuel Vetch (1668–1732), the Royal Governor of Nova Scotia[5][6][7]
- Joanna Philipina Livingston (1683–1689), who died young
- Philip Livingston (1686–1749), the second Lord of the Manor who married Catherine Van Brugh
- Robert Livingston (1688–1775), who married Margaret Howarden (1693–1758) and was the owner of the Clermont Estate
- Hubertus "Gilbert" Livingston (b. 1690), who married Cornelia Beekman, granddaughter of Wilhelmus Beekman, Mayor of New York, and niece of Gerardus Beekman[8]
- William Livingston (1692–1692), who died young
- Joanna Livingston (b. 1694)
- Catherine Livingston (1698–1699), who died young
Descendants
editShe was the grandmother of Philip Livingston and William Livingston. Her granddaughter, Catherine Livingston, married Abraham De Peyster, who was a loyalist Officer who served with the King's American Regiment and was at Battle of King's Mountain.
Through her son, Gilbert Livingston, she was the grandmother of Margaret Livingston (1738–1818), who married Peter Stuyvesant (1727–1805), a great-grandson of the Peter Stuyvesant who commanded the New Netherland colony on Manhattan island, and Joanna Livingston (1722–1808), who married Pierre Van Cortlandt (1721–1814), the first Lieutenant Governor of the New York.[9][10]
Many Americans are descended from the Livingston family, including George W. Bush, the entire Fish and Kean families, First Lady Eleanor Roosevelt, First Lady of New York Anna Morton, actors Montgomery Clift and Michael Douglas, actress Jane Wyatt, medical resident Asad Rizvi, poet Robert Lowell, cinematographer Floyd Crosby and his son David Crosby, author Wolcott Gibbs, and almost the entire Astor family.[4]
References
editNotes
edit- ^ Schuyler, George W. Colonial New York: Philip Schuyler and His Family, Vol. 1, Charles Scribner's Sons, 1885
- ^ Roper, Louis H. and Van Ruymbeke, Bertrand. Constructing Early Modern Empires: Proprietary Ventures in the Atlantic World, 1500-1750, Brill, 2007
- ^ Bielinski, Stefan. "Nicholas Van Rensselaer", New York State Museum
- ^ a b Livingston, Edwin Brockholst (1901). The Livingstons of Livingston manor; being the history of that branch of the Scottish house of Callendar which settled in the English province of New York during the reign of Charles the Second; and also including an account of Robert Livingston of Albany, "The nephew," a settler in the same province and his principal descendants. New York: The Knickerbocker Press. Retrieved 16 September 2016.
- ^ Hess, p. 84
- ^ Vetch, Robert Hamilton (1885–1900). . Dictionary of National Biography. London: Smith, Elder & Co.
- ^ Plank, p. 44
- ^ Lamb, Martha J. (1896) [1877]. History of the City of New York: Its Origin, Rise and Progress. Volume 1. A. S. Barnes and Company. p. 301.
- ^ Judd, Jacob (1977). Van Cortlandt Family Papers Vol II. Tarrytown: Sleepy Hollow Restorations. pp. xxxviii, liv. ISBN 0-912882-29-8.
- ^ Van Cortlandt, Pierre (1721-1814) at The Political Graveyard
Sources
edit- Kees Kuiken, Schuyler, Alida, in: Digitaal Vrouwenlexicon van Nederland. URL: http://resources.huygens.knaw.nl/vrouwenlexicon/lemmata/data/Schuyler [13/01/2014]
- Hess, Stephen (1997). America's Political Dynasties. New Brunswick, NJ: Transaction Publishers. ISBN 978-1-56000-911-5. OCLC 34663122.
- Plank, Geoffrey (2001). An Unsettled Conquest. Philadelphia: University of Pennsylvania Press. ISBN 978-0-8122-1869-5. OCLC 424128960.
- Waller, George (1960). Samuel Vetch, Colonial Enterpriser. Chapel Hill, NC: University of North Carolina Press. OCLC 480181.