Allocasuarina defungens, commonly known as dwarf heath casuarina,[2] is a species of flowering plant in the family Casuarinaceae and is endemic to a restricted area of New South Wales. It is a straggly, dioecious or monoecious shrub that has branchlets up to 120 mm (4.7 in) long, the leaves reduced to scales in whorls of five to seven, the fruiting cones 8–11 mm (0.31–0.43 in) long containing winged seeds (samaras) about 3 mm (0.12 in) long.
| Allocasuarina defungens | |
|---|---|
Scientific classification 
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| Kingdom: | Plantae |
| Clade: | Tracheophytes |
| Clade: | Angiosperms |
| Clade: | Eudicots |
| Clade: | Rosids |
| Order: | Fagales |
| Family: | Casuarinaceae |
| Genus: | Allocasuarina |
| Species: | A. defungens
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| Binomial name | |
| Allocasuarina defungens | |
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| Occurrence data from AVH | |
Description
editAllocasuarina defungens is a straggly, more or less erect, dioecious or monoecious shrub that forms a lignotuber, and typically grows to a height of 0.5–2 m (1 ft 8 in – 6 ft 7 in). Its branchlets are more or less erect, up to 120 mm (4.7 in) long, the leaves reduced to erect, scale-like teeth 0.2–0.5 mm (0.0079–0.0197 in) long, arranged in whorls of five to seven around the branchlets. The sections of branchlet between the leaf whorls (the "articles") are 6–8 mm (0.24–0.31 in) long and 0.5–0.6 mm (0.020–0.024 in) wide. Male flowers are arranged in head-like spikes 4–10 mm (0.16–0.39 in) long, the anthers 0.7–0.9 mm (0.028–0.035 in) long. Female cones are cylindrical, on a peduncle 3–7 mm (0.12–0.28 in) long. Mature cones are 8–11 mm (0.31–0.43 in) long and 5–7 mm (0.20–0.28 in) in diameter, the samaras about 3 mm (0.12 in) long.[3][4][5]
Taxonomy
editAllocasuarina defungens was first formally described in 1989 by Lawrie Johnson in the Flora of Australia from specimens collected by Bob Coveny near Nabiac airstrip in 1967.[6][7] The specific epithet, (defungens) means "to finish" or "to die", referring the species' lack of vigour and "probable impending extinction".[3]
Distribution and habitat
editDwarf heath casuarina mainly grows in tall heath in coastal areas between Raymond Terrace and Byron Bay in eastern New South Wales.[3][4]
Conservation status
editAllocasuarina defungens is listed as "endangered" under the Australian Government Environment Protection and Biodiversity Conservation Act 1999 and the new South Wales Government Biodiversity Conservation Act 2016. The main threats to the species are habitat disturbance caused by mining and housing development, and by inappropriate fire regimes.[2][5]
References
edit- ^ "Allocasuarina defungens". Australian Plant Census. Retrieved 20 May 2023.
- ^ a b "Approved Conservation Advice for Allocasuarina defungens (Dwarf Heath Casuarina)" (PDF). Australian Government Department of Climate Change, Energy, the Environment and Water. Retrieved 20 May 2023.
- ^ a b c "Allocasuarina defungens". Australian Biological Resources Study, Department of Agriculture, Water and the Environment: Canberra. Retrieved 20 May 2023.
- ^ a b Wilson, Karen L.; Johnson, Lawrence A.S. "Allocasuarina defungens". Royal Botanoc Garden Sydney. Retrieved 20 May 2023.
- ^ a b "Dwarf Heath Casuarina - profile". New South Wales Government Office of Environment and Heritage. Retrieved 20 May 2023.
- ^ "Allocasuarina defungens". APNI. Retrieved 20 May 2023.
- ^ Wilson, Karen L.; Johnson, Lawrence A.S. (1989). George, Alex S. (ed.). Flora of Australia (PDF). Vol. 3. Canberra: Australian Government Publishing Service. p. 194. Retrieved 15 May 2023.