Alvarado is a municipality in the Mexican state of Veracruz. The municipality is part of the state's Papaloapan Region and its municipal seat is established at the homonymous city of Alvarado.
Alvarado | |
|---|---|
| Municipality of Alvarado | |
 .jpg)  .jpeg)  Top: Alvarado Municipal Palace; Middle: Antón Lizardo Fort, Our Lady of the Rosary Church; Bottom: Enmedio Island, Papaloapan River | |
 Coat of arms | |
| Motto(s): El futuro nos une ("The future unite us") | |
  Alvarado Municipality of Alvarado in Mexico  Alvarado Alvarado (Veracruz) | |
| Coordinates: 18°46′52″N 95°45′26″W / 18.78111°N 95.75722°W | |
| Country |  Mexico |
| State |  Veracruz |
| Region | Papaloapan |
| Municipal code | 011 |
| Established | 5 September 1818 |
| Incorporated | 2 August 1824[1] |
| Named for | Pedro de Alvarado |
| Municipal seat | Alvarado |
| Settlements | 265 |
| Government | |
| • Type | Municipal Council |
| • Mayor | Lizette Álvarez Vera (Morena, PVEM, PT) |
| • Syndic | Jaime Abel Tiburcio Herrera |
| • Regidores | Councillors
|
| Area | |
| 826.9 km2 (319.3 sq mi) | |
| • Land | 663.9 km2 (256.3 sq mi) |
| • Water | 163.8 km2 (63.2 sq mi) 19.8% |
| • Urban | 4.6 km2 (1.8 sq mi) |
| • Rural | 659.3 km2 (254.6 sq mi) |
| Elevation | 10 m (30 ft) |
| Lowest elevation | 0 m (0 ft) |
| Population | |
| 57,035 | |
| • Density | 69/km2 (180/sq mi) |
| • Urban | 27,081 |
| • Urban density | 5,900/km2 (15,000/sq mi) |
| • Rural | 29,954 |
| • Rural density | 45/km2 (120/sq mi) |
| Demonyms |
|
| Time zone | UTC-6 (CST) |
| • Summer (DST) | UTC-5 (CDT) |
| Postal codes |
|
| Area code | 297 |
| Federal Highway(s) | |
| Website | alvarado.gob.mx |
History
editIn 1816, the citizens of the village of San Cristóbal de Alvarado sought the designation of Town from Ferdinand VII, King of Spain. The King granted the village the title of Town on 8 September 1816 by Royal Decree, which had a cost of 92,800 maravedís. Almost two years later, on 5 September 1818 the same Ferdinand VII authorized the first Honorable Ayuntamiento or city council. On 3 October 1818, the first City Council was established with Tomás Hondal serving as first Mayor.[5]
Once the Independence War was over, the State enacted its own Constitution in which the state territory was divided in 4 departments and 12 cantons. The municipality of Alvarado was assigned to the Canton of Veracruz in the Department of Veracruz.
Geography
edit
The municipality has an extension of 826.9 km2 (319.3 sq mi)[2] and an elevation of 10 m (33 ft). It is located in the state's Papaloapan region and is bordered by the municipalities of Boca del Río, Tlalixcoyan, Medellín, Ignacio de la Llave, Ixmatlahuacan, Acula, Tlacotalpan and Lerdo de Tejada.
Hydrography
editThe municipality is crossed by the Papaloapan and Blanco rivers, both of which drain into the Alvarado Lagoon complex.
The Alvarado Lagoon complex is formed, from north to south, by the Camaronera, Buen País, Alvarado and Tlalixcoyan lagoons.
Orography
editAlvarado is located in the state's central coastal zone, within the Sotavento plains. Dunes are common in rural and urban areas; an example of this is the neighborhood of Lomas del Rosario (lit. 'Rosary Hills'), built on the Rosary dunes which are inside the city of Alvarado.
Climate
editIn this region there is hot/sub-humid —the wetter of the sub-humids— weather with abundant rains in summer. The maximum average temperature is 26 °C (79 °F) and 18 °C (64 °F) as minimum average temperature, varying from 5 °C (41 °F) to 7 °C (45 °F) every year. The dry season is from January to May and the period of rains starts in June. The nortes[b] season starts in November and intensifies in January.[6]
Infrastructure
editRoads
editThe municipality is connected mainly through two Mexican Federal Highways[7] and a few state and municipal roads.
- Highway 180 covers much of the municipality from north to south, connecting Alvarado with the municipalities of Medellín and Boca del Río to the north, and Lerdo de Tejada to the south. Prior to the building of the Alvarado toll bridge in the 1960s, ferries were used at the Papaloapan river's mouth to cross the river.
- Highway 175 starts at Buenavista, at the south-end of the municipality, connecting with Tlacotalpan to the west. Highway 175 it passes over an upstream section of the Papaloapan River via the Tlacotalpan toll bridge.
Regarding state and municipal roads, the small network connects a few locations in the north and northwest areas of the municipality.
Demographics
edit| Year | Pop. | ±% |
|---|---|---|
| 1995 | 48,490 | — |
| 2000 | 49,499 | +2.1% |
| 2005 | 48,178 | −2.7% |
| 2010 | 51,995 | +7.9% |
| 2015 | 52,927 | +1.8% |
| 2020 | 57,035 | +7.8% |
| [3] | ||
As 2020, Alvarado had a population of 57, 305 and 216 localities. The municipal seat, Alvarado is the biggest locality with a population of 20,797. Other important localities are Antón Lizardo (6,284 hab.), Lomas del Sol (2,177 hab.), Playas del Conchal (1,889 hab.) and Paso Nacional (1,828 hab.).[3]
Government
editMunicipal
editLocal government, or Ayuntamiento (English: Municipal council), is led by the Presidente municipal (English: Mayor, lit. 'municipal president') with support of the Syndic, and the Regidores (English: councillors, lit. 'regents'). The mayor is elected by popular election for a 4-year term with non-limited, non-consecutive re-elections.
State and Federal
editThe municipality is part of the XXIII State Electoral district[8] and XIX Federal Electoral District.[9]
See also
editNotes
edit- ^ a b Most statistical information provided by the INEGI on its website, albeit public, does not have direct access links and it is not conspicuously displayed. Additional steps (query the database, download files, or multiple clicks) may be required to access datasets.
- ^ A norte (lit. 'north') is, most of the times, a cold wind mass coming from the North that can reach sustained wind speeds and gusts of well over 60 km/h (37 mph) and over. Nortes can last from a couple of hours to several days.
References
edit- ^ Estado de Veracruz División Territorial de 1810 a 1995 (PDF) (in Spanish). Mexico: INEGI. 1996. p. 2. ISBN 970-13-1517-0.
- ^ a b "México en cifras". INEGI. 2020. Retrieved 4 August 2022.
- ^ a b c "Cuadernillos Municipales 2020" (PDF). Sistema de Información Estadística y Geográfica del Estado de Veracruz de Ignacio de la Llave (in Spanish). p. 2. Retrieved 4 August 2022.
- ^ "División municipal. Veracruz". INEGI (in Spanish). Retrieved 4 August 2022.
- ^ "Enciclopedia de los Municipios de México: Alvarado" (in Spanish). Gobierno Estatal. Archived from the original on 14 March 2007. Retrieved 29 January 2009.
- ^ Reguero, Martha; García-Cubas, Antonio. "Anales del Instituto de Ciencias del Mar y Limnología". Moluscos de la Laguna de Alvarado, Veracruz: Sistemática y Ecología (in Spanish). UNAM. Archived from the original on 20 February 2009. Retrieved 29 January 2009.
- ^ "Datos Viales de Veracruz" (PDF) (in Spanish). Dirección General de Servicios Técnicos, Secretaría de Comunicaciones y Transportes. 2011. pp. 2–3. Archived from the original (PDF) on 14 May 2012. Retrieved 7 August 2012.
- ^ "Ley de División Territorial del Estado de Veracruz de Ignacio de la Llave, para la elección del Poder Legislativo del mismo" (PDF) (in Spanish). Government of Veracruz. 14 July 1988. p. 3. Retrieved 6 August 2022.
- ^ "Sistema de Información Geográfica Electoral" (in Spanish). INE. Retrieved 6 August 2022.