Amphitrite's origins are obscure. She first appeared in Lloyd's Register in 1789. Her entry notes that she had been almost rebuilt in 1783 and had undergone a good repair in 1788, presumably under a different name. From 1789 to 1799 she was a whaler in the British northern whale fishery. She then started on a voyage as a Liverpool-based slave ship in the triangular trade in enslaved people. She capsized off the coast of Africa on her first voyage.
| History | |
|---|---|
 Great Britain | |
| Name | Amphitrite |
| Namesake | Amphitrite |
| Builder | Unknown |
| Launched | Unknown |
| Fate | Lost 1799 |
| General characteristics | |
| Tons burthen | 200,[1] or 236[2][3] (bm) |
| Complement | 25[2] |
| Armament |
|
Career
editIn 1788 the King's Dock opened in Liverpool. On 3 October, the Greenland whaler Amphitrite, Pagan, master, was the first vessel to enter the dock.[4]
| Year | Master | Owner | Trade | Source & notes |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1789 | T.Pagan | Gryson & Co. | Liverpool–Greenland | LR; almost rebuilt 1783, & good repair 1788[1] |
| 1790 | J.Pagan J.Miller |
Mason & Co. | Liverpool–Greenland | LR; almost rebuilt 1783, & good repair 1788 |
| 1795 | J.Miller | Liverpool–Greenland | LR; almost rebuilt 1783, & good repair 1788 | |
| 1799 | Gardner C__hn |
Ross & Co. | Liverpool–Greenland Liverpool–Africa |
LR; almost rebuilt 1783, good repair 1788, & damages repaired 1796 |
| 1800 | Carnehan | R.Johnson | Liverpool–Africa | LR; almost rebuilt 1783, good repair 1788, & damages repaired 1796 |
Enslaving voyage and loss
editCaptain James Cosnahan acquired a letter of marque on 20 March 1799.[2] Cosnachan (or Cosmacher) sailed Amphitrite (or Amphitut) from Liverpool on 16 June, bound for Bonny; she was legally allowed to transport up to 470 captives.[5] In 1799, 156 vessels sailed from British ports bound on enslaving voyages; 134 of the vessels came from Liverpool.[6]
Lloyd's List (LL) reported on 10 January 1800 that Amphitrite, Cochrane, master, had capsized at New Calabar, Africa.[7]
The Trans Atlantic Slave Trade database has Amphitrite being captured.[8] However, there were two Amphitrites of Liverpool that were engaged in gathering captives off the coast of Africa in late 1799, and both were lost. The other was Amphitrite, Adams, master, which by elimination appears to be the one that the French captured.
In 1799, 18 British enslaving ships were lost, five of them on the coast of Africa.[9] During the period 1793 to 1807, war, rather than maritime hazards or resistance by the captives, was the greatest cause of vessel losses among British enslaving vessels.[10]
Citations
edit- ^ a b c LR (1789), Seq.№228.
- ^ a b c d "Letter of Marque, p.49 - accessed 25 July 2017" (PDF). Archived from the original (PDF) on 20 October 2016. Retrieved 27 October 2018.
- ^ Trans Atlantic Slave Trade Database – Amphitrite voyage #80228.
- ^ Horton (2012).
- ^ Genuine Dicky Sam (1884), pp. 122–123.
- ^ Williams (1897), p. 680.
- ^ "The Marine List". Lloyd's List (4014). 10 January 1800.
- ^ Trans Atlantic Slave Trade Database – Amphitrite voyage #80227.
- ^ Inikori (1996), p. 62.
- ^ Inikori (1996), p. 58.
References
edit- Genuine Dicky Sam (1884). Liverpool and slavery, by a genuine Dicky Sam.
- Horton, Steven (2012). The Liverpool Book of Days. History Press.
- Inikori, Joseph (1996). "Measuring the unmeasured hazards of the Atlantic slave trade: Documents relating to the British trade". Revue française d'histoire d'outre-mer. 83 (312): 53–92. doi:10.3406/outre.1996.3457.
- Williams, Gomer (1897). History of the Liverpool Privateers and Letters of Marque: With an Account of the Liverpool Slave Trade. W. Heinemann.