Wikipedia

Anatoly Sharpenak

Anatoly Ernestovich Sharpenak (Russian: Шарпенак, Анатолий Эрнестович; 1895 in Moscow, Russia – 1969 in Moscow, Soviet Union) was a Russian Empire and Soviet biochemist, Doctor of Medical Sciences, Professor. Author of one of the dental caries theories named after him.

Anatoly E. Sharpenak
Born
Анатолий Эрнестович Шарпенак

1895
Moscow, Russian Empire
Died1969(1969-00-00) (aged 73–74)
Moscow, Soviet Union
Known forWork on dental caries and other aspects of dentistry
SpouseEmilya Danilovna Tsapenko (divorced)
Scientific career
FieldsBiochemistry
InstitutionsMoscow Stomatological Institute (now Moscow State University of Medicine and Dentistry);

Institute of Nutrition, Russian Academy of Medical Sciences;

City Clinical Hospital named after S.P. Botkin

Biography

edit

A. E. Sharpenak was born into a family of Baltic Germans which was quite wealthy, settled in Russia, and living in the area of German settlement (German Quarter). He graduated from a good private school and then university.

During the Russian Civil War he served as a doctor on a hospital train.

In 1920 he worked under the direction of Alexei N. Bach [ru]) in the newly created Biochemical Institute.

In 1939 he organized a biochemical department at the Moscow Stomatological Institute (now Moscow State University of Medicine and Dentistry). He was the chair of this department[1] until 1969.

While heading the department at the Moscow Stomatological Institute, he also held the following positions:

A. E. Sharpenak died in January 1969 of complications from influenza. He was buried at the Preobrazhenskoye Cemetery in Moscow.

Scientific activities

edit

One of the first works of the Biochemical Institute, under the leadership of A.N. Bach in 1920, was the creation of a new method for determination of enzyme levels. The lack of accurate microscopic methods that require minimal amounts of blood at the time made it impossible to explore the work of enzymes in normal and pathological conditions systematically. A method that was devised and later received the name of the Bach-Zubkova method allowed work with one mm3 of blood (one drop of blood, approximately the size of a small pin head). At the request of the Institute ten special calorimeters were built, which were provided to hospitals for systematic studies.

A.E. Sharpenak pointed out that the diet should take into account not only the total protein content, but also the content of individual amino acids. The effect of protein quality of the diet on the body depends not only on the absolute content of individual amino acids in the diet, but also on the balance between them.[4]

He authored more than 150 scientific papers, including university textbooks on organic and biological chemistry. He supervised 11 Ph.D. theses.

Sharpenak’s theory of dental caries

edit

As head of the Department of Biochemistry at Moscow Stomatological Institute, Professor A.E. Sharpenak tackled one of the major problems of dentistry, namely, the etiology and pathogenesis of dental caries.

During the 1940s V.R. Bobyleva, L.A. Gorozhankina, E.V. Aleksandrova, N.P. Dzichkovskaya, N.V. Nikolaeva and I.I. Grachev carried out a large amount of experimental work on the etiology of dental caries under his leadership.[5][6]

In 1949, after numerous experiments, Sharpenak proposed that dental caries was due to insufficient supply in the organs and tissues protein of B vitamins, and an excess of carbohydrates.[7]

Publications

edit

Some works of A.E. Sharpenak.

  • Sharpenak A.E. Organic chemistry: a textbook for students of medical and dental institutions / ed. - 2nd, rev. and add. - M.: 1966. - 360 p.
  • Sharpenak A.E., Kosenko S.A. Workshop on organic chemistry textbook for medical students / - Moscow, 1965. - 171 p.
  • Sharpenak A.E. Prophylaxis of dental caries. Rev Stomatol Chir Maxillofac. 1972 Dec;73(8):643-54. French. PMID 4514930. PubMed - indexed for MEDLINE
  • Sharpenak A.E., Bobyleva V.R., Gorozhankina L.A., Komnova Z.D. The role of protein and lysine in preventing dental caries. Vopr Pitan. 1971 Jul-Aug;30(4):3-7. Russian. PMID 5141599.
  • Sharpenak A.E. The etiology and prevention of dental caries. N Y State Dent J. 1967 Dec;33(10):592-600. PMID 5234447
  • Sharpenak A.E. The problem of dental caries prevention. Vopr Med Khim. 1964 Nov-Dec;10:563-75. PMID 14335702.
  • Sharpenak AE, Bobyleva VR, Gorozhankina LA. Role of protein, lysine, certain mineral substances and vitamins a and d in prevention of dental caries. Fed Proc Transl Suppl. 1964 Mar-Apr;23:423-6. PMID 14145693.
  • Sharpenak A.E., Shishova O.A., Gorozhankina L.A. Effect of ionizing radiations in animals fed food containing various levels of histidine. Med Radiol (Mosk). 1959 Jun;4(6):37-41. PMID 13673816.
  • Sharpenak AE. Quantitative human requirement for proteins and individual amino acids. Vopr Pitan. 1959 Jan-Feb;18(1):73-83. PMID 13648245.
  • Sharpenak A.E. Human requirement for individual amino acids. Vopr Pitan. 1957 Nov-Dec;16(6):9-17. PMID 13544198.
  • Sharpenak A.E. Material for quantitative calculation of amino acid content of proteins in nutrition in normal and pathological conditions. Vopr Pitan. 1955 Sep-Oct;14(5):48-53. PMID 13299891.

References

edit
  1. ^ "Московский государственный медико-стоматологический университет". Archived from the original on 2012-04-02. Retrieved 2012-02-16.
  2. ^ "Лаборатория обмена веществ и энергии". Archived from the original on 2011-10-17. Retrieved 2012-02-16.
  3. ^ "ФГБУН "ФИЦ питания и биотехнологии"". www.ion.ru.
  4. ^ "Беременность". www.blackpantera.ru.
  5. ^ "ШАРПЕНАК АНАТОЛИЙ ЭРНЕСТОВИЧ". historymed.ru.
  6. ^ "Stomfak.ru". Archived from the original on 2016-03-04. Retrieved 2012-02-16.
  7. ^ "Вавилова Т.П., Островская И.Г. История формирования курса стоматологической биохимии. История стоматологии. 1-я Всероссийская конференция. Московский государственный медико-стоматологический университет. - 2007" (PDF).
edit
Retrieved from "https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Anatoly_Sharpenak&oldid=1256343921"