Anaxyelidae is a family of incense cedar wood wasps in the order Hymenoptera. It contains only one living genus, Syntexis, which has only a single species, native to Western North America.[1][2][3] Fossils of the family extend back to the Middle Jurassic, belonging to over a dozen extinct genera, with a particularly high diversity during the Early Cretaceous. Syntexis lay eggs in the sapwood of conifers, preferring recently burnt wood.[4]
| Anaxyelidae Temporal range:
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|---|---|
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| Syntexis libocedrii | |
Scientific classification 
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| Domain: | Eukaryota |
| Kingdom: | Animalia |
| Phylum: | Arthropoda |
| Class: | Insecta |
| Order: | Hymenoptera |
| (unranked): | Unicalcarida |
| Superfamily: | Siricoidea |
| Family: | Anaxyelidae Martynov 1925 |
| Genera | |
|
See text | |
Genera
editThese genera belong to the family Anaxyelidae:
Taxonomy after[4]
- Subfamily Syntexinae
- Syntexis Rohwer, 1915 Western North America, Recent
- † Cretosyntexis Rasnitsyn & Martinez-Delclos, 2000 La Pedrera de Rubies Formation, Spain, Early Cretaceous (Barremian)
- † Curiosyntexis Kopylov, 2019[5] Ola Formation Russia, Late Cretaceous (Campanian)
- † Daosyntexis Kopylov, Rasnitsyn, Zhang & Zhang, 2020 Daohugou, China, Middle Jurassic (Callovian)[6]
- † Dolichosyntexis Kopylov, 2019[5] Zaza Formation, Russia, Early Cretaceous (Aptian)
- † Eosyntexis Rasnitsyn, 1990 Purbeck Group, United Kingdom, Early Cretaceous (Berriasian) La Pedrera de Rubies Formation, Spain, Early Cretaceous (Barremian), Turga Formation, Russia, Aptian, Spanish amber, Early Cretaceous (Albian)
- † Orthosyntexis J. Gao, Engel, Shih, & T. Gao, 2021 Burmese amber, Myanmar, Late Cretaceous (Cenomanian)[4]
- † Parasyntexis Kopylov, 2019[5] Khasurty, Zaza Formation, Russia, Early Cretaceous (Aptian)
- † Sclerosyntexis Wang, Ren, Kopylov & Gao, 2020 Burmese amber, Myanmar, Late Cretaceous (Cenomanian)[7]
- Subfamily Anaxyelinae
- † Anasyntexis Rasnitsyn, 1968 Karabastau Formation, Middle/Late Jurassic (Callovian-Oxfordian)
- † Anaxyela Martynov, 1925 Karabastau Formation, Middle/Late Jurassic (Callovian-Oxfordian)
- † Brachysyntexis Rasnitsyn, 1969 Daohugou, China, Middle Jurassic (Callovian), Karabastau Formation, Middle/Late Jurassic (Callovian-Oxfordian), Yixian Formation, China, Aptian, Khasurty, Zaza Formation, Russia, Early Cretaceous (Aptian)
- † Dolichostigma Rasnitsyn, 1968 Zaza Formation, Russia, Early Cretaceous (Aptian)
- † Kempendaja Rasnitsyn, 1968 Khaya Formation, Russia, Late Jurassic (Tithonian)
- † Kulbastavia Rasnitsyn, 1968 Karabastau Formation, Middle/Late Jurassic (Callovian-Oxfordian)
- † Mangus Kopylov, 2019[5] Dzun-Bain Formation, Mongolia, Early Cretaceous (Aptian)
- † Sphenosyntexis Rasnitzyn, 1969 Karabastau Formation, Middle/Late Jurassic (Callovian-Oxfordian)
- † Syntexyela Rasnitsyn, 1968 Karabastau Formation, Middle/Late Jurassic (Callovian-Oxfordian), Yixian Formation, China, Aptian
- † Urosyntexis Rasnitzyn, 1969 Karabastau Formation, Middle/Late Jurassic (Callovian-Oxfordian), Khasurty, Zaza Formation, Russia, Early Cretaceous (Aptian)
References
edit- ^ Taeger, A.; Liston, A.D.; Prous, M.; Groll, E.K.; et al. (2018). "ECatSym – Electronic World Catalog of Symphyta (Insecta, Hymenoptera)". Senckenberg Deutsches Entomologisches Institut (SDEI), Müncheberg. Retrieved 2019-06-01.
- ^ Aguiar, A.P.; Deans, A.R.; Engel, M.S.; Forshage, M.; et al. (2013). Zhang, Zhi-Qiang (ed.). "Order Hymenoptera. In: Zhang Z-Q (ed) Animal biodiversity: An outline of higher-level classif. and survey of taxonomic richness (Addenda 2013)". Zootaxa. 3703 (1): 1–82. doi:10.11646/zootaxa.3703.1.12. ISBN 978-1-86977-849-1. ISSN 1175-5326. PMID 26146682.
- ^ "Family Anaxyelidae information". BugGuide.net. Retrieved 2019-06-01.
- ^ a b c Gao, Jia; Engel, Michael S.; Shih, Chungkun; Ren, Dong; Gao, Taiping (2021-10-29). "A new genus of anaxyelid wood wasps from the mid-Cretaceous and the phylogeny of Anaxyelidae (Hymenoptera)". Journal of Hymenoptera Research. 86: 151–169. doi:10.3897/jhr.86.73161. ISSN 1314-2607. S2CID 240258376.
- ^ a b c d KOPYLOV, DMITRY S. (2019-05-09). "New anaxyelids (Hymenoptera: Anaxyelidae) from the Cretaceous of Asia". Zootaxa. 4603 (2): 341. doi:10.11646/zootaxa.4603.2.7. ISSN 1175-5334. PMID 31717231. S2CID 164717860.
- ^ Kopylov, Dmitry S.; Rasnitsyn, Alexander P.; Zhang, Haichun; Zhang, Qi (2020-01-02). "Anaxyelidae of Daohugou: oldest occurrences of the relict family in the fossil record. Part 1: Daosyntexis and Brachysyntexis". Alcheringa: An Australasian Journal of Palaeontology. 44 (1): 104–114. Bibcode:2020Alch...44..104K. doi:10.1080/03115518.2019.1697753. ISSN 0311-5518. S2CID 213022739.
- ^ Wang, Yimo; Wang, Mei; Rasnitsyn, A.P.; Shih, Chungkun; Ren, Dong; Kopylov, Dmitry S.; Gao, Taiping (May 2020). "A new anaxyelid sawfly (Insecta, Hymenoptera, Siricoidea) in mid-Cretaceous Myanmar amber". Cretaceous Research. 109: 104372. Bibcode:2020CrRes.10904372W. doi:10.1016/j.cretres.2020.104372. ISSN 0195-6671. S2CID 213923812.
Further reading
edit- Goulet, H.; Huber, J., eds. (1993). Hymenoptera of the world: an identification guide to families. Agriculture Canada Publication. Vol. 1894/E. Research Branch, Agriculture Canada.
- Sharkey, M. J.; Carpenter, J. M.; Vilhelmsen, L. (2012). "Phylogenetic relationships among superfamilies of Hymenoptera" (PDF). Cladistics. 28 (1): 80–112. doi:10.1111/j.1096-0031.2011.00366.x. ISSN 0748-3007. PMID 34861753. S2CID 33628659.
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