Anders Karlsson may refer to:
- Anders Karlsson (politician) (born 1951), Swedish social democratic politician
- Anders Karlsson (centre party) (born 1961), Swedish Centre Party politician, member of the Riksdag since 2023.
- Anders Karlsson (physicist) (born 1964), scientist and professor of quantum photonics
- Anders Hans Karlsson (born 1959), Swedish scientist and agronomist
- Anders Karlsson (ice hockey) (born 1957), Swedish former ice hockey defenceman
- Anders Karlsson (footballer) (1963–2015), Swedish former footballer