The Andijan Reservoir, known as the Kempir-Abad Reservoir in Kyrgyzstan (Uzbek: Andijon suv ombori; Kyrgyz: Кемпир-Абад суу сактагычы), is a reservoir formed by the Andijan Dam on the Kara Darya River in the Ferghana Valley. Following the dissolution of the USSR, the reservoir became a source of dispute between Kyrgyzstan and Uzbekistan, with each country claiming ownership. In 2022, the two countries signed a border demarcation deal, according to which Kyrgyzstan reportedly ceded control of the reservoir in exchange for agricultural land elsewhere in Uzbekistan. The agreement sparked protests in Kyrgyzstan, which were clamped down by the Kyrgyz government.
| Andijan / Kempir-Abad Reservoir | |
|---|---|
 | |
  Andijan / Kempir-Abad Reservoir | |
| Location | Andijan Region, Uzbekistan / Osh Region, Kyrgyzstan |
| Coordinates | 40°46′29″N 73°07′19″E / 40.77472°N 73.12194°E |
| Primary inflows | Kara Darya River |
| Primary outflows | Kara Darya River |
| Built | 1969–1983 |
| First flooded | 1983 |
| Surface area | 56 km2 (22 sq mi) |
| Max. depth | 98 m (322 ft) |
| Water volume | 1,900×106 m3 (1,500,000 acre⋅ft) |
The Andijan reservoir has a maximum surface area of 56 square kilometres (22 sq mi), and an estimated volume of 1.9 cubic kilometres (0.46 cu mi).
Name
editThe reservoir is known as Andijan Reservoir in Uzbekistan and as Kempir-Abad Reservoir in Kyrgyzstan. The predominant Kyrgyz spelling is an incorrect revision of the word "kampirravot" (Uzbek: Kampirravot; Kyrgyz: Кампыр-Рават),[1] which is the name of the gorge in which the reservoir is formed.[2] On the Kara Darya, there also exists a village named Kampirravot,[3] which is part of Xonobod City in Andijan Region of Uzbekistan. A dam called the Kampirravot Dam was built on the Kara Darya River by the Uzbek SSR in 1937—1940.[4]
2022 border deal
editIn October 2022, Kyrgyzstan and Uzbekistan reached a border demarcation deal. It was reported that as part of the deal Kyrgyzstan had relinquished its claim on the Andijan Reservoir in exchange for 19,000 hectares of agricultural land elsewhere in Uzbekistan.[5] In November 2022, Kyrgyz President Sadyr Japarov and Uzbek President Shavkat Mirziyoyev signed the deal into law shortly after lawmakers in both countries approved it.[6][7]
Kempir-Abad protests
editWhile the details of the border deal were not fully disclosed, the agreement sparked protests across Kyrgyzstan.[8] Prominent activists and politicians who supported and organized the protests were accused of plotting a coup. A total of 27 activists, journalists, and politicians who took part in or supported the protests were detained and prosecuted in high-profile cases. Women activists played a major role in the protests.[9]
Human rights organizations stated the clampdown was politically motivated and called for releasing the protesters.[10] They pointed out that prosecutors failed to produce evidence that the protesters incited mass riots or were planning to seize power.[8] Kyrgyzstan's ombudswoman at the time, Adyr Abdrakhmatova, expressed concern that the protesters had been mistreated in custody.[8]
See also
editReferences
edit- ^ "Кемпир-Абад чей? Ответы в 10 фактах". Limon (in Russian). 12 October 2022. Retrieved 13 March 2024.
- ^ Nasriddinov, K.; Urolov, S. (2017). "Из истории строительства Андижанского водохранилища". Синтез науки и общества в решении глобальных проблем современности (PDF) (in Russian). Vol. 4. Sterlitamak: Agency for International Research. pp. 148–150. Retrieved 14 March 2024.
- ^ T. I. Vladimirova (1982). "Формирование стока Амударьи и Сырдарьи и влияние хозяйственной деятельности на его суммарные потери". In Popov, I. V.; Kondrat'ev, S.A. (eds.). Вопросы гидрологии суши (PDF) (in Russian). Leningrad. p. 14. Retrieved 13 March 2024.
{{cite book}}: CS1 maint: location missing publisher (link) - ^ "Кампирравот тўғони" (PDF). National Encyclopedia of Uzbekistan (in Uzbek). Tashkent: National Encyclopedia of Uzbekistan State Scientific Publishing House. 2002. pp. 92–93. Retrieved 13 March 2024.
- ^ "Trial Of 27 Kyrgyz Border-Deal Detainees Continues, With 11 Defendants Absent". Radio Free Europe/Radio Liberty. 4 October 2023. Retrieved 13 March 2024.
- ^ Putz, Catherine (1 December 2022). "Kyrgyz and Uzbek Presidents Sign Border Agreements Into Law". The Diplomat. Retrieved 13 March 2024.
- ^ "Шавкат Мирзиёев подписал законы по границе с Кыргызстаном и Андижанскому водохранилищу". Kun (in Russian). 30 November 2022. Retrieved 13 March 2024.
- ^ a b c Imanaliyeva, Ayzirek (4 May 2023). "The Kempir-Abad saga: Ground zero of Kyrgyzstan's latest authoritarian turn". Eurasianet. Retrieved 13 March 2024.
- ^ Tandon, Nidhi; Meertens, Donny; Satija, Shivani; Ghosh, Anandita (2 January 2023). "Women human rights defenders". Gender & Development. 31 (1): 1–10. doi:10.1080/13552074.2023.2186632.
- ^ Braimah, Tawa (6 June 2023). "Kyrgyzstan: Release the Kempir-Abad defenders". Amnesty International. Retrieved 13 March 2024.