Angoon (sometimes formerly spelled Angun, Tlingit: Aangóon) is a city on Admiralty Island, Alaska, United States. At the 2000 census the population was 572; by the 2010 census the population had declined to 459.[4] For statistical purposes, it is in the Hoonah-Angoon Census Area. The name in Tlingit, Aangóon, means roughly "isthmus town."
Angoon, Alaska
Aangóon | |
|---|---|
 St. John the Baptist Russian Orthodox Church, Angoon | |
  Angoon Location in Alaska | |
| Coordinates: 57°29′49″N 134°34′25″W / 57.49694°N 134.57361°W | |
| Country | United States |
| State | Alaska |
| Census Area | Hoonah-Angoon |
| Incorporated | May 7, 1963[1] |
| Government | |
| • Mayor | Albert Kookesh[2] |
| • State senator | Bert Stedman (R) |
| • State rep. | Rebecca Himschoot (I) |
| Area | |
| • Total | 38.97 sq mi (100.93 km2) |
| • Land | 24.53 sq mi (63.54 km2) |
| • Water | 14.44 sq mi (37.39 km2) |
| Elevation | 23 ft (7 m) |
| Population (2020) | |
| • Total | 357 |
| • Density | 14.55/sq mi (5.62/km2) |
| Time zone | UTC-9 (Alaska) |
| • Summer (DST) | UTC-8 (Alaska) |
| ZIP code | 99820 |
| Area code | 907 |
| FIPS code | 02-03440 |
| GNIS feature ID | 1420113 |
History
editAdmiralty Island has long been the home of the Kootznoowoo Tlingit group, or Xootsnoowú Ḵwáan in Tlingit. Kootznoowoo means "fortress of brown bears", literally xoots-noow-ú "brown.bear-fortress-possessive".[5] Angoon has a less-rainy climate than most of southeastern Alaska and was valued by the Tlingit for that reason.
During the Russian period in Alaska, from the 18th century to the mid-19th century, maritime fur trading was a major economic activity in the area.
In 1878, after the 1867 Alaska Purchase, the North West Trading Company established a trading post and whaling station on nearby Killisnoo Island and employed Angoon villagers to hunt whales. Whaling, a school, and a Russian Orthodox church attracted many Tlingits to neighboring Killisnoo.
In October 1882, the village was destroyed in the Angoon Bombardment by US Naval forces under the command Commander Edgar C. Merriman and the USRC Thomas Corwin under the command of Michael A. Healy. The Tlingit villagers had taken white hostages and property and demanded two hundred blankets in compensation from the North West Trading Company following the accidental death of a Tlingit shaman who died in a whaling bomb accident while working on the whaler. The hostages were released upon the arrival of the naval expedition to Angoon, however Merriman demanded four hundred blankets in tribute and upon the Tlingit delivery of just eighty one blankets, Merriman's forces destroyed the village.[6][7]
After a short time, the North West Trading Company switched to herring processing. During this time, many Tlingits moved to Killisnoo for employment at the fish plant. In 1928, Killisnoo was destroyed by fire and many Tlingits returned to Angoon.
In 1973, Angoon won a U.S. $90,000 settlement from the United States government for the 1882 bombardment.[8]
Geography
editAngoon is located on the west side of Admiralty Island at 57°29′49″N 134°34′25″W / 57.49694°N 134.57361°W (57.496891, -134.573579).[9] It is the largest permanent settlement on Admiralty Island and is sited on an isthmus at the mouth of Kootznahoo Inlet on the west side of the island. It is 60 miles (97 km) southwest of Juneau. The only other community on the island is Cube Cove, to the north.
According to the United States Census Bureau, the city has a total area of 38.8 square miles (100.4 km2), of which 24.4 square miles (63.2 km2) are land and 14.4 square miles (37.2 km2), or 37.04%, are water.[4]
Climate
editThe climate is either an oceanic climate (Köppen climate classification: Cfb), when utilising the −3 °C or 26.6 °F isotherm or a warm-summer humid continental climate (Köppen climate classification: Dfb), when utilising the 0 °C or 32 °F isotherm. Its climate moderately tempered by the Alaska Current is only slightly more extreme than the north of Scotland.[10]
| Climate data for Angoon | |||||||||||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Month | Jan | Feb | Mar | Apr | May | Jun | Jul | Aug | Sep | Oct | Nov | Dec | Year |
| Record high °F (°C) | 57 (14) |
57 (14) |
58 (14) |
64 (18) |
71 (22) |
80 (27) |
82 (28) |
77 (25) |
75 (24) |
62 (17) |
57 (14) |
50 (10) |
82 (28) |
| Mean daily maximum °F (°C) | 31.9 (−0.1) |
36.8 (2.7) |
40.9 (4.9) |
47.1 (8.4) |
53.4 (11.9) |
58.8 (14.9) |
62 (17) |
61.5 (16.4) |
56.6 (13.7) |
48.4 (9.1) |
39.9 (4.4) |
34.3 (1.3) |
47.6 (8.7) |
| Mean daily minimum °F (°C) | 23.5 (−4.7) |
27.1 (−2.7) |
29.7 (−1.3) |
33.9 (1.1) |
39.8 (4.3) |
45.6 (7.6) |
49.8 (9.9) |
49.8 (9.9) |
45.2 (7.3) |
39.1 (3.9) |
32.3 (0.2) |
27.3 (−2.6) |
36.9 (2.7) |
| Record low °F (°C) | −3 (−19) |
−7 (−22) |
0 (−18) |
20 (−7) |
29 (−2) |
36 (2) |
40 (4) |
40 (4) |
30 (−1) |
16 (−9) |
−2 (−19) |
−6 (−21) |
−7 (−22) |
| Average precipitation inches (mm) | 3.39 (86) |
2.7 (69) |
2.42 (61) |
2.21 (56) |
1.92 (49) |
1.9 (48) |
2.26 (57) |
3.76 (96) |
4.89 (124) |
7.71 (196) |
4.79 (122) |
4.04 (103) |
42 (1,100) |
| Average snowfall inches (cm) | 16.6 (42) |
12.7 (32) |
8.1 (21) |
2 (5.1) |
0 (0) |
0 (0) |
0 (0) |
0 (0) |
0 (0) |
0.3 (0.76) |
6 (15) |
15.4 (39) |
61.2 (155) |
| Average precipitation days | 17 | 16 | 16 | 15 | 16 | 15 | 13 | 15 | 18 | 23 | 20 | 21 | 205 |
| Source: WRCC[11] | |||||||||||||
Demographics
edit| Census | Pop. | Note | %± |
|---|---|---|---|
| 1880 | 420 | — | |
| 1890 | 381 | −9.3% | |
| 1920 | 114 | — | |
| 1930 | 319 | 179.8% | |
| 1940 | 342 | 7.2% | |
| 1950 | 429 | 25.4% | |
| 1960 | 395 | −7.9% | |
| 1970 | 400 | 1.3% | |
| 1980 | 465 | 16.3% | |
| 1990 | 638 | 37.2% | |
| 2000 | 572 | −10.3% | |
| 2010 | 459 | −19.8% | |
| 2020 | 357 | −22.2% | |
| U.S. Decennial Census[12] | |||
Angoon first appeared on the 1880 U.S. Census as the native village of "Augoon" with 420 residents, all members of the Tlingit tribe.[13] The area returned as "Hoochinoo" (AKA Kootznahoo) in 1890.[14][15] Angoon did not appear again on the census until 1920.[16] It has appeared on every successive census to date as of 2010,[17] and incorporated as a city in 1963.
As of the census[18] of 2000, there were 572 people, 184 households, and 138 families residing in the city. The population density was 25.4 people per square mile (9.8/km2). There were 221 housing units at an average density of 9.8 per square mile (3.8/km2). The racial makeup of the city was 81.99% Native American, 11.36% White, 5.42% of the population were Hispanic or Latino of any race, 0.52% Black or African American, 0.17% Asian, 1.40% from other races, and 4.55% from two or more races.
Of the 184 households, 42.4% had children under the age of 18 living with them, 49.5% were married couples living together, 17.4% had a female householder with no husband present, and 25.0% were non-families. 22.3% of all households were made up of individuals, and 2.7% had someone living alone who was 65 years of age or older. The average household size was 3.11 and the average family size was 3.64.
In the city, the age distribution of the population shows 34.8% under the age of 18, 8.6% from 18 to 24, 28.3% from 25 to 44, 21.9% from 45 to 64, and 6.5% who were 65 years of age or older. The median age was 32 years. For every 100 females, there were 110.3 males. For every 100 females age 18 and over, there were 115.6 males.
The median income for a household in the city was $29,861, and the median income for a family was $31,429. Males had a median income of $21,250 versus $30,625 for females. The per capita income for the city was $11,357. About 27.0% of families and 27.9% of the population were below the poverty line, including 39.1% of those under age 18 and 20.0% of those age 65 or over.
Government
editAngoon is a second-class city, and uses a Mayor-Council form of government.
Economy
editFishing and fish processing are the mainstays of the economy at Angoon now.
Angoon is looking into non-diesel electric power generation to reduce local electric bills.
Education
editChatham School District operates two schools:[19]
- Angoon Elementary School
- Angoon High School
References
edit- ^ 1996 Alaska Municipal Officials Directory. Juneau: Alaska Municipal League/Alaska Department of Community and Regional Affairs. January 1996. p. 26.
- ^ 2023 Alaska Municipal Officials Directory (PDF). Juneau: Alaska Municipal League. January 2023. p. 44. Retrieved November 12, 2023.
- ^ "2020 U.S. Gazetteer Files". United States Census Bureau. Retrieved October 29, 2021.
- ^ a b "Geographic Identifiers: 2010 Demographic Profile Data (G001): Angoon city, Alaska". American Factfinder. U.S. Census Bureau. Retrieved April 17, 2017.[dead link]
- ^ De Laguna, Frederica. (1960). The story of a Tlingit community: A problem in the relationship between archeological, ethnological, and historical methods. Smithsonian Institution Bureau of American Ethnology Bulletin 172. Washington, D.C.: US Government Printing Office.
- ^ Crow Dog's Case: American Indian Sovereignty, Tribal Law, and United States Law in the Nineteenth Century, Sidney L. Harring, pages 228-230
- ^ The Oxford Handbook of American Indian History, Frederick E. Hoxie, pages 307-8
- ^ Thiessen, Mark (October 26, 2024). "US Navy will apologize for the 1882 obliteration of a Tlingit village in Alaska". Yahoo News. Retrieved October 26, 2024.
- ^ "US Gazetteer files: 2010, 2000, and 1990". United States Census Bureau. February 12, 2011. Retrieved April 23, 2011.
- ^ "Angoon climate: Average Temperature, weather by month, Angoon weather averages - Climate-Data.org". en.climate-data.org. Retrieved March 4, 2019.
- ^ "ANGOON (500310)". WRCC. Retrieved November 18, 2015.
- ^ "Census of Population and Housing". Census.gov. Retrieved June 4, 2015.
- ^ "Statistics of the Population of Alaska" (PDF). United States Census Bureau. 1880.
- ^ Census Office, United States (1893). "Report on Population and Resources of Alaska at the Eleventh Census, 1890".
- ^ Hanus, G.C. (1880). "Anchorages and Passages in the waters on the S.W. Coast of Alaska". University of Alabama - Department of Geography.
- ^ "Population of Outlying Possessions by Civil Divisions: 1920 and earlier years" (PDF). United States Census Bureau. 1920. pp. 680 & 681.
- ^ U.S. Census Bureau (June 2012). "2010 Census of Population and Housing - Alaska" (PDF). U.S. Government Printing Office. Archived from the original (PDF) on February 24, 2014.
- ^ "U.S. Census website". United States Census Bureau. Retrieved January 31, 2008.
- ^ "Our Schools." Chatham School District. Retrieved on February 13, 2017.
Further reading
edit- Garfield, Viola (1947) "Historical Aspects of Tlingit Clans in Angoon, Alaska." American Anthropologist, vol. 49, no. 3, pp. 438–452.
- Jacobs, Harold (2000) "Xoodzidaa Kwáan: Inhabitants of the Burning Wood Fort." In: Will the Time Ever Come? A Tlingit Source Book, ed. by Andrew Hope III and Thomas F. Thornton, pp. 34–47. Fairbanks, Alaska: Alaska Native Knowledge Network.
- South East Alaska with Pack & Paddle, by Margaret Piggott
External links
edit
- Angoon at the Community Database Online from the Alaska Division of Community and Regional Affairs
- Maps from the Alaska Department of Labor and Workforce Development: 2000, 2010
- Juneau Empire story and transcription of 1882 letter critical of Angoon shelling; only unofficial contemporary source
- Naval Historical Center. Shelling of the Alaskan native American village of Angoon, October, 1882 Original reports from M.A. Healy, E.C. Merriman, W.G. Morris, and supporting documents, in PDF form.