Animal welfare and rights in Denmark relates to the treatment of and laws concerning non-human animals in Denmark. Denmark has moderately strong protections for animals by international standards. In 2014 and again in 2020, Denmark received a B grade on the A–G scale of the World Animal Protection's Animal Protection Index.[1]
Legislation
editDenmark's Animal Welfare Act of 2013 requires anyone keeping animals to ensure adequate housing, feeding, watering, and care with regard for physiological, ethological, and health needs in agreement with established practical and scientific knowledge. The act therefore prohibits both direct abuse and neglect.[1] These anti-cruelty provisions of the Animal Welfare Act 2013 apply to pets as well as farmed animals.
The Law also contains legislation dealing specifically with farmed animals, including requirements for holding areas that meet animals' needs and provide freedom of movement for eating, drinking, resting, and protection from the elements. Secondary legislation created under the Minister for Food, Agriculture, and Fisheries makes species-specific provisions for rearing, livestock transportation, and slaughter. Legislation on farmed animals largely exists to comply with European Union regulations on farmed animal welfare; however, Denmark's laws go beyond EU requirements in some cases, as with its removal of the religious exemption which for stunning prior to slaughter.[1]
The treatment of animals used in research appears to be covered under the general anti-cruelty provisions of the Animal Welfare Law 2013. Denmark has also implemented EU regulations on animal testing, such that animal experiments causing harm are required to be approved by the Animal Experiments Inspectorate, to minimize harm, to have a clear scientific purpose, and use animals less prone to experiencing pain, suffering, and distress.[1]
Animal issues
editAnimals used for food
editStatistics on the number of animals used for food in Denmark annually include:
- 486,000 bovine animals slaughtered (2014)[2]
- 18.78 million pigs slaughtered (2014)[2]
- 80,000 sheep slaughtered (2014)[2]
- 102.99 million chickens slaughtered (2014)[2]
- 668,000 tons of wild-caught marine animals (2013)[3]
- 34,000 tons of aquaculture[3]
- 3.3 million egg-laying hens in herd (2013)[4]
- 570,000 dairy cows in herd (2015)[5]
In 2014, Danske Egg—the trade organization handling 95% of eggs sold in Denmark—stopped purchasing eggs from barn and free-range producers who debeak their chickens.[6]
In a 2011 survey, slightly less than 4% of Danish respondents self-identified as vegan or vegetarian. However, many of these still reported sometimes eating meat,[7] a finding consistent with other surveys on self-reported vegetarianism.[8] In 2016, Denmark's Council of Ethics—a government think-tank—stated that Danes are "ethically obligated" to reduce their beef consumption, though they cited only environmental concerns rather than reasons related to animal welfare or rights.[9]
Animal experimentation
editIn 2016, official statistics reported that 273,224 experimental procedures were performed on vertebrates and cephalopods in Denmark.[10]
Animals used for clothing
editFur farming is legal in Denmark, and Denmark is the world's largest producer of mink fur, producing approximately 19 million mink skins each year.[11] Footage from investigations of Danish fur farms has shown mink engaging in abnormal behaviors such as pacing and repetitive circling/nodding of the head, as well as self-mutilation, due to being confined in small wire cages.[12] Denmark banned fox fur farming in 2009, with a phase-out period for existing producers.[12]
Animal activism
editAnima is a major Danish animal activist organization founded in 2000. Their past successful campaigns include a ban on cat dog fur in Denmark, the EU-wide ban on testing cosmetics on animals, banning the sale of foie gras in Danish supermarkets, and the Danish ban on fox fur farms.[13]
Other notable animal rights organizations are Dyrenes Beskyttelse, Dansk Vegetarisk Forening and the small political party Veganerpartiet, who later fusioned with the larger green party The Alternative.
See also
editReferences
edit- ^ a b c d "Denmark". World Animal Protection. 10 March 2020.
- ^ a b c d Pol Marquer; Teresa Rabade; Roberta Forti (August 2015). "Meat production statistics". Eurostat. Archived from the original on August 27, 2016. Retrieved September 8, 2016.
- ^ a b "Fishery statistics". Eurostat. June 2015. Archived from the original on 27 December 2014. Retrieved 8 September 2016.
- ^ Jorgen Nyberg Larsen. "A world of eggs" (PDF). Minister for Food, Agriculture and Fisheries. Archived from the original (PDF) on 19 September 2016. Retrieved 8 September 2016.
- ^ "EU Cow Numbers". Agriculture and Horticulture Development Board. 15 July 2016. Archived from the original on 2 September 2016. Retrieved 8 September 2016.
- ^ "Egg farmers agree to stop debeaking layer hens". The Copenhagen Post. 22 May 2014. Archived from the original on 8 September 2016. Retrieved 8 September 2016.
- ^ "Mange opfatter sig som vegetarer, men spiser kød". Coop Analyse (in Danish). 22 June 2011. Retrieved 3 June 2015.
- ^ "Vegetarian Recidivism". Animal Charity Evaluators. Retrieved 8 September 2016.
- ^ Bearak, Max (28 April 2016). "Denmark says you are 'ethically obligated' to eat less beef". Washington Post. Retrieved 11 September 2016.
- ^ "Animal Research Statistics". Speaking of Research. Retrieved 19 April 2018.
- ^ "Mink and Fur". Danish Agriculture & Food Council. Archived from the original on 11 August 2016. Retrieved 11 September 2016.
- ^ a b "Fur Farming in the European Union". Humane Society International. 10 May 2011. Archived from the original on 23 September 2016. Retrieved 11 September 2016.
- ^ "About Anima". Anima (in Danish). Retrieved 12 September 2016.