Anna is the largest city and retail trade center in Union County, Illinois, United States. Located in Southern Illinois, its population was 4,303 at the 2020 United States Census, a decline from 5,135 in 2000. It is known for being tied to its close neighbor Jonesboro, together known as Anna-Jonesboro, and of which the main public high school for the two towns is named. Anna is known for the Choate Mental Health and Development Center, a state facility that opened in 1869.[4]
Anna, Illinois | |
|---|---|
 The Anna State Asylum, built in 1869 in the Kirkbride Plan was a rambling four-story structure, part of which was destroyed in separate incidents, but most of which is still standing as the central complex to the C.L. Choate Mental Health and Developmental Center. | |
 Seal  Logo | |
 Location of Anna in Union County, Illinois | |
  Anna, Illinois  Anna, Illinois | |
| Coordinates: 37°27′40″N 89°14′20″W / 37.46111°N 89.23889°W | |
| Country | United States |
| State | Illinois |
| County | Union |
| Platted | March 3, 1854 |
| Incorporated | February 16, 1865 |
| Government | |
| • Mayor | Steve Hartline |
| Area | |
• Total | 3.58 sq mi (9.27 km2) |
| • Land | 3.56 sq mi (9.22 km2) |
| • Water | 0.02 sq mi (0.05 km2) |
| Elevation | 617 ft (188 m) |
| Population | |
• Total | 4,303 |
| • Density | 1,209/sq mi (467/km2) |
| Time zone | UTC-6 (CST) |
| • Summer (DST) | UTC-5 (CDT) |
| ZIP code | 62906 |
| Area code | 618 |
| FIPS code | 17-01543 |
| GNIS feature ID | 2393961[2] |
| Website | cityofanna |
History
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Anna was platted on March 3, 1854, after the new Illinois Central Railroad established a station there.[5] It was founded by Winstead Davie and named after Anna Davie, his wife.[6] It was then incorporated on February 16, 1865.[7]
The coming of the railroad can be credited for prompting the founding of the City of Anna, although, from the time of the George Rogers Clark expedition into Southern Illinois country, emigrants recognized its agricultural possibilities.[5] Centrally located in Anna Precinct of Union County, Anna was established by ordinance following the election of Trustees in 1855, although the plot was recorded in the county records on March 3, 1854. The area's elevation and fertile soil have made fruit farming—particularly the growth of grapes for winemaking—one of the area's principal businesses. For the purpose of farming, fruit growing, gardening, and dairying, the lands in and around Anna are not surpassed in Southern Illinois.[5] The precinct in which Anna lies is situated on the divide between the waters of the Ohio and Mississippi Rivers and is well drained by the Cache, Cypress, and Big Creeks. Many cool springs of water aid materially in cattle farming in this area.[5]
In 1859, brothers Cornwall and Wallace Kirkpatrick started Anna Pottery in Anna. Their work became well-known and later, collectors' items; one of their most descriptive pieces was a pig from which wine could be consumed. The business ran until 1900, according to an exhibit at the Union County Historical Society Museum in Cobden.[8]
During the American Civil War, Camp Anna in 1862 was the mustering and training location for some Illinois Infantry regiments, including the 81st,[9][10] 109th,[11][12] and 110th.[13][14] There have been various commemorations ever since, including: 2013[15] and 2022.[16]
Sentiments in Union County for the north and south were clearly divided during the war. Contemporary newspapers were blatantly political. The Anna Democrat continued publication, while the Jonesboro Gazette was denied its constitutional right to freedom of the press from 15 May 1863 until it was allowed to resume publication on 5 March 1864.[17] The newspapers were consolidated to form The Gazette-Democrat on 26 October 1939.[17]
Anna is home to the Union County Fair, which began in 1880.[18]
In 1909, town residents attempted to drive out the black families who lived in Anna, after the lynching of William "Froggie" James in the nearby town of Cairo, Illinois, for the alleged rape and murder of Anna resident Anna Pelley.[19][20] Anna was historically a sundown town, in which African Americans were excluded from living in the town's limits. Though the town was named after Anna Davie, the wife of the town's founder, some outsiders believed that the town's name was an acronym for "Ain't No Niggers Allowed". The town has become infamous for it by its portrayal in literature and film.[21] The phrase is still well-known, with few non-white residents owing in part to its historical reputation.[22] Signs using a pejorative for Black people warning them not to let the sun go down on you in Anna persisted on Highway 127 until the 1970s.[23]
The Stinson Memorial Library is a public library located at 409 South Main Street in Anna, Illinois. The library was designed by Walter Burley Griffin, an understudy to Frank Lloyd Wright, in 1913 and constructed in 1913–14. It was added to the National Register of Historic Places on June 9, 1978.
Lewis Bakeries, the makers of Bunny Bread, was founded in 1925. Lewis started the company with a $300 loan against his mother's house, and by 1987, the company was reportedly earning $80 million in annual sales. Founder Jack Lewis died in September 2001 at the age of 91. Bunny Bread itself was created in 1947, according to the Bunny Bread website.[24][25]
Geography
editAnna is located at 37°27′40″N 89°14′20″W / 37.46111°N 89.23889°W.[2]
According to the 2010 census, Anna has a total area of 3.519 square miles (9.11 km2), of which 3.5 sq mi (9.06 km2) (or 99.46%) is land and 0.019 sq mi (0.05 km2) (or 0.54%) is water.[26]
Demographics
edit| Census | Pop. | Note | %± |
|---|---|---|---|
| 1860 | 769 | — | |
| 1870 | 1,269 | 65.0% | |
| 1880 | 1,494 | 17.7% | |
| 1890 | 2,295 | 53.6% | |
| 1900 | 2,618 | 14.1% | |
| 1910 | 2,809 | 7.3% | |
| 1920 | 3,019 | 7.5% | |
| 1930 | 3,436 | 13.8% | |
| 1940 | 4,092 | 19.1% | |
| 1950 | 4,380 | 7.0% | |
| 1960 | 4,280 | −2.3% | |
| 1970 | 4,766 | 11.4% | |
| 1980 | 5,408 | 13.5% | |
| 1990 | 4,805 | −11.2% | |
| 2000 | 5,136 | 6.9% | |
| 2010 | 4,442 | −13.5% | |
| 2020 | 4,303 | −3.1% | |
| U.S. Decennial Census[27] | |||
As of the census[28] of 2010, there were 4,442 people, 1,893 households and 1,097 families residing in the city. The population density was 1,269.1 people per square mile. There were 2,123 housing units at an average density of 606.6 per square mile. The racial makeup of the city was 95.7% White, 1.1% African American, 0.6% American Indian and Alaskan Native, 0.4% Asian, <0.1% Pacific Islander, 1.2% from other races, and .9% from two or more races. Hispanic or Latino people (of any race) were 2.9% of the population.
There were 1,893 households, out of which 24.2% had children under the age of 18 living with them, 42.6% were married couples living together, 14.1% had a female householder with no husband present, 4.8% had a male householder with no wife present and 42.0% were non-families. 37.8% of all households were made up of individuals, and 21.0% had someone living alone who was 65 years of age or older. The average household size was 2.19 and the average family size was 2.85.
In the city, the population was spread out, with 22.7% aged 19 and younger, 7.0% from 20 to 24, 22.7% from 25 to 44, 24.5% from 45 to 64, and 23.0% who were 65 years of age or older. The median age was 42.8 years. For every 100 females, there were 91.7 males.
The median income for a household in the city was $39,602, the median income for a family was $44,420. The incomes of 20.2% of the population were below the poverty level.[29]
Education
editPublic schools in Anna include Anna Jr. High School, Davie School, and the Lincoln School, all part of Anna District#37,[30] and the Anna-Jonesboro Community High School District #81.[31]
Notable people
edit- James E. Bonner, U.S. Army major general and commanding general of Fort Leonard Wood
- Delos Brown, pinch hitter for the Chicago White Sox, born in Anna
- Kenneth Buzbee, politician
- Clyde L. Choate, politician and soldier
- Townsend F. Dodd, aviator
- George M.C. Fisher, former CEO of Motorola and Kodak
- Frank E. Midkiff, High Commissioner of the Trust Territory of the Pacific, born in Anna
- King Neptune, famous war bond-raising pig
- Frank Willard, cartoonist
See also
editReferences
edit- ^ "2020 U.S. Gazetteer Files". United States Census Bureau. Retrieved March 15, 2022.
- ^ a b c U.S. Geological Survey Geographic Names Information System: Anna, Illinois
- ^ "Anna city, Illinois". United States Census Bureau. Retrieved September 20, 2023.
- ^ "Choate Developmental Center Profile". Illinois Department of Human Services. Retrieved October 10, 2019.
- ^ a b c d Lam, Howard (1954). 100 Years of Progress: The Centennial History of Anna, Illinois. Anna, Ill: Anna Centennial Committee. OCLC 9349651.
- ^ Illinois Central Magazine. Illinois Central Railroad Company. 1922. p. 42.
- ^ "Name Index to Illinois Local Governments Illinois State Archives Prepared by the Illinois Regional Archives Depository System". Office of the Illinois Secretary of State.
- ^ "The Kirkpatrick Pottery". The Waterman and Hill-Traveller's Companion, a Natural Events Almanac. 2005.
- ^ National Park Service: 81st Regiment, Illinois Infantry. Accessed 9 June 2022.
- ^ The Civil War Diary of Edmund Newsome, Soldier in the 81st Illinois Volunteer Regiment. Publ. circa 1894. Accessed 9 Jun 2022.
- ^ National Park Service: 109th Regiment, Illinois Infantry. Accessed 9 June 2022.
- ^ Parks, George E. (1963). "One Story of the 109th Illinois Volunteer Infantry Regiment". Journal of the Illinois State Historical Society. 56 (2): 282–297. JSTOR 40190641.
- ^ National Park Service: 110th Regiment, Illinois Infantry. Accessed 9 June 2022.
- ^ History of the 110th. Accessed 9 June 2022.
- ^ KFVS 12: 2013 Civil War celebration in Anna, Illinois. Accessed 9 June 2022.
- ^ "Civil War Weekend 2022". Enjoy Illinois. Retrieved February 13, 2023.
- ^ a b "About Us". The Gazette-Democrat. Retrieved June 9, 2022.
- ^ "Enjoy Illinois". 2020 Illinois Department of Commerce & Economic Opportunity.
- ^ Wexler, Laura. "Darkness on the Edge of Town". The Washington Post. Retrieved January 18, 2016.
- ^ Brown, Nikki; Stentiford, Barry M. (2008). The Jim Crow Encyclopedia (1st ed.). Westport, Conn.: Greenwood Publishing Group. p. 345. ISBN 9780313341816. Retrieved April 9, 2016 – via Google Books.
- ^ James W. Loewen. "Sundown Towns". Archived from the original on August 9, 2014. Retrieved August 1, 2014.
- ^ Jaffe, Logan (November 7, 2019). "The Legend of A-N-N-A: Revisiting an American Town Where Black People Weren't Welcome After Dark". ProPublica. Retrieved November 10, 2019.
- ^ Loewen, James W. (2018). Sundown Towns: A Hidden Dimension of American Racism (2018 ed.). New York, London: The New Press. pp. 1–2. ISBN 9781620974346.
signs that usually said "Nigger Don't Let the Sun Go Down on You in ____."Anna-Jonesboro had such signs on Highway 127 as recently as the 1970s.
- ^ "Story of Bunny Bread Shared in Article Which Originally Appeared in 1952 Paper". The Gazette-Democrat.
- ^ "Welcome to Bunny Bread". Lewis Bakeries, Inc.
- ^ "G001 - Geographic Identifiers - 2010 Census Summary File 1". United States Census Bureau. Archived from the original on February 13, 2020. Retrieved December 25, 2015.
- ^ "Census of Population and Housing". Census.gov. Retrieved June 4, 2015.
- ^ "U.S. Census website". United States Census Bureau. Retrieved October 3, 2015.
- ^ "United States Census Bureau". 2009–2013. Retrieved October 3, 2015.
- ^ "Anna District 37". www.anna37.com. Archived from the original on April 24, 2018. Retrieved April 23, 2018.
- ^ "Anna Jonesboro Community High School". www.aj81.net. Retrieved April 23, 2018.