Wikipedia

Anne-Maree Pearse

Anne-Maree Pearse is an Australian cytogeneticist who is credited with the theory that some cancer cells can be transmissible between individuals. This is known as the allograft theory. Her work has focussed on devil facial tumour disease (DFTD), a contagious cancer that affects Tasmanian devils. For this she has won multiple awards, including the 2012 Prince Hitachi Prize for Comparative Oncology.

Anne-Maree Pearse
Alma materUniversity of Sydney

University of Tasmania

Known forDevil facial tumour disease
Awards2011 Australian Museum Eureka Prize

2012 Prince Hitachi Prize

Scientific career
FieldsCytogenetics

Education

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Pearse graduated from the University of Sydney in 1972 before starting an MSc at the University of Tasmania in 1976.[1] During her Masters she worked on the flea, Uropsylla tasmanica, which is a flea that infects quolls and Tasmanian devils.[1] She was unable to complete her PhD due to symptoms of progressive and severe degenerative disc disease.[2]

Career

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Pearse worked in the Cytogenetics Laboratory at the Royal Hobart Hospital, Tasmania for seventeen years where she worked on human leukemia but also continued studying quolls.[1][3][4] During this period she published work on cancer in quolls.[5] She initially retired from scientific work, establishing a flower farm, before returning to science to work on DFTD.[6] She joined the Save the Tasmanian Devil program at the Department of Primary Industries, Parks, Water and Environment, Tasmanian Government, in 2004 after hearing about the disease on the radio.[1][4]

 
Tumours protrude from the face of a Tasmanian devil

In 2006, Pearse and her colleague Swift published a paper on their findings on DFTD in Nature.[7] In their report they studied tumours from eleven Tasmanian devils. They observed that the tumours had major chromosomal abnormalities and these abnormalities were the same between individual animals. This led them to conclude that the tumour cells in different animals were of the same clonal origin. As a result, they proposed the hypothesis that "the disease is transmitted by allograft, whereby an infectious cell line is passed directly between the animals through bites they inflict on one another.".[7]

Since then, other scientists have added further evidence to the Allograft Theory of DFTD whilst Pearse has continued to uncover new information on the disease.[8] In particular, she has investigated how the disease mutates in Tasmanian Devil populations.[9] The conclusion of this research is "that DFTD should not be treated as a static entity, but rather as an evolving parasite with epigenetic plasticity".[10]

These findings have implications in humans in terms of donor-derived malignancy in organ transplantation and transmission of a malignancy between a mother and a fetus or between twin fetuses.[2]

Awards and honours

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  • 2011 Australian Museum Sherman Eureka Prize for Environmental Research (shared)[11]
  • 2012 Prince Hitachi Prize for Comparative Oncology[1][9]

References

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  1. ^ a b c d e "The Awardee of the 2012 Prince Hitachi Prize for Comparative Oncology". jfcr.or.jp. Retrieved 23 March 2019.
  2. ^ a b "The Prince Hitachi Prize for Comparative Oncology | 2012Awardee". www.jfcr.or.jp. Retrieved 28 September 2020.
  3. ^ Melrose, W. D.; Pearse, A. M.; Bell, P. A.; Jupe, D. M.; Baikie, M. J.; Twin, J. E.; Bryant, S. L. (1990). "Haematology of the Australian eastern quoll, Dasyurus viverrinus--II. Red cell enzymes and metabolic intermediates". Comparative Biochemistry and Physiology. B, Comparative Biochemistry. 97 (1): 47–48. doi:10.1016/0305-0491(90)90175-S. ISSN 0305-0491. PMID 2147643.
  4. ^ a b Julie Rehmeyer (31 March 2014). "Fatal Cancer Threatens Tasmanian Devil Population". Discover Magazine. ISSN 0274-7529.
  5. ^ Twin, J. E.; Pearse, A. M. (1986). "A malignant mixed salivary tumour and a mammary carcinoma in a young wild eastern spotted native cat Dasyurus viverrinus (Marsupialia)". Journal of Comparative Pathology. 96 (3): 301–306. doi:10.1016/0021-9975(86)90050-2. ISSN 0021-9975. PMID 3013953.
  6. ^ Quammen, David (2008). "Contagious Cancer". Harper's Magazine. ISSN 0017-789X. Retrieved 23 March 2019.
  7. ^ a b K. Swift; Pearse, A.-M. (2 February 2006). "Allograft theory: Transmission of devil facial-tumour disease". Nature. 439 (7076): 549. Bibcode:2006Natur.439..549P. doi:10.1038/439549a. ISSN 1476-4687. PMID 16452970. S2CID 4409863.
  8. ^ Pye, R. J.; Woods, G. M.; Kreiss, A. (13 December 2015). "Devil Facial Tumor Disease". Veterinary Pathology. 53 (4): 726–736. doi:10.1177/0300985815616444. ISSN 1544-2217. PMID 26657222. S2CID 28432058.
  9. ^ a b "Devil scientist wins Japanese prize". ABC News. 1 March 2011. Retrieved 24 June 2019.
  10. ^ Ujvari, Beata; Pearse, Anne-Maree; Peck, Sarah; Harmsen, Collette; Taylor, Robyn; Pyecroft, Stephen; Madsen, Thomas; Papenfuss, Anthony T.; Belov, Katherine (7 January 2013). "Evolution of a contagious cancer: epigenetic variation in Devil Facial Tumour Disease". Proceedings of the Royal Society B: Biological Sciences. 280 (1750): 20121720. doi:10.1098/rspb.2012.1720. PMC 3574417. PMID 23135679.
  11. ^ "The Australian Museum Eureka Prize Winners for 2011". theaustralian.com.au. 6 September 2011. Retrieved 23 March 2019.
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