Anne Bermingham (1925 - 2006) was a chemist who pioneered radio carbon dating in Australia at the Museum of Applied Science in Melbourne.[1]
Anne Bermingham | |
|---|---|
| Born | 1925 Melbourne, Australia |
| Died | 2006 (aged 80–81) Melbourne, Australia |
| Alma mater | University of Melbourne |
| Awards | English Speaking Union Travelling Scholarship (1956) |
| Scientific career | |
| Fields | Chemistry |
Education
editBermingham obtained a Bachelor of Science degree at the University of Melbourne in 1948. In 1956 she was awarded a Travelling Scholarship from the English Speaking Union and used it to visit radiocarbon dating laboratories in the USA.[2][3]
Career
editBetween 1946 and 1952, Birmingham held positions as Chemist with the Melbourne and Metropolitan Board of Works, followed by Lifeguard Milk Products in Bacchus Marsh, and then Swallow and Ariell ice cream in Melbourne.[4]
In 1952, she took up a position as chemist at the Museum of Applied Science, Melbourne. She was initially appointed at a lower grade and salary than advertised because she was a woman. She was instructed to design and operate a carbon dating facility, since there was no such facility in Australia at the time. By 1958 an electronics technician (Mr R. D. Carman) had been appointed to assist her with electronics development,[3] and further technicians were employed later. Bermingham successfully operated a process to obtain carbon dioxide from carbonaceous material and built an apparatus for counting carbon-14 decompositions.[5] The Museum's C-14 Laboratory, opened in 1961, was the first facility of its type in Australia.[6] The first dates were made available to clients in 1965.[3]
In the 1960s, Bermingham played an important role in establishing the antiquity of Aboriginal occupation in Australia, corresponding with a number of archaeologists and geologists in establishing dates and dating methods at sites such as Green Gully and Kenniff Cave with John Mulvaney,[7] establishing the Pleistocene dates for the flint mining site at Koonalda Cave,[8] and the shell midden material at Rocky Cape in Tasmania.[9] She was made an honorary member of the Archaeological Society in 1965.[3]
However, the C-14 counter was never satisfactory, or profitable, and the radiocarbon laboratory closed in late 1970. By this time there were a number of other services in Australia undertaking C-14 dating.[10]
With the name change to the museum in 1961, she was appointed as Chemist with the Institute of Applied Science and then with the Science Museum of Victoria in 1971. In 1974, however, the position of Chemist was made redundant at the Museum, and Anne was redeployed to the Victorian Ministry for the Arts as Scientific Conservation Officer, where she worked in the area of conservation of heritage collections. She also lectured at Prahran College of Advanced Education and was a member of their Museum Studies Advisory Committee in 1980–81,[11] and a panel member of Council for the Historic Environment.
Bermingham died in Melbourne in 2006.[12]
Portrait
editReferences
edit- ^ Dating at the Museum of Applied Science Victoria 1952–70: a Pioneer Venture', January 2018 Historical Records of Australian Science 29(1) DOI: 10.1071/HR17019
- ^ "Bermingham, Anne - Biographical entry - Encyclopedia of Australian Science". www.eoas.info. Retrieved 22 January 2021.
- ^ a b c d McGrath, Nik; French, Robert. "Anne Bermingham, a scientific pioneer of radiocarbon dating". Museums Victoria.
- ^ Helen Cohn, 'Anne Birmingham biography', Encyclopedia of Australian Science Created: 26 June 2018, Last modified: 3 July 2018
- ^ Anne Bermingham, 'Victoria Natural Radiocarbon Measurements I', Radiocarbon, VOL. 8, 1966, P. 507-521, Institute of Applied Science of Victoria, Melbourne
- ^ Rae, Ian D. Letter from Melbourne: Old and new carbon [online]. Chemistry in Australia, Apr 2018: 41. ISSN 0314-4240
- ^ Papers of John Mulvaney, National Library of Australia MS 9615, MS Acc13.203, MS Acc17.018, MS Acc17.088
- ^ [file:///Users/garyvines/Downloads/b13545711.pdf R. V. S. Wright, The Archaeology of Koonalda Cave, in Aboriginal Man and Environment in Australia Ed D. J. Mulvaney and J. Golson Australian National University Press Canberra 1971, p.110]
- ^ [file:///Users/garyvines/Downloads/ROCKY_CAPE_AND_THE_PROBLEM_OF_THE_TASMANIANS_VOL_1.pdf Rhys Jones, Rocky Cape and the Problem of the Tasmanians PhD Thesis, University of Sydney, December 1971]
- ^ Historical Records of Australian Science 29(1) 14-27 https://doi.org/10.1071/HR17019 Published: 19 January 2018
- ^ A Guide to the Department of Museum Studies by D, Wayne Orchiston Department of Museum Studies, Prahran College of Advanced Education, Melbourne
- ^ 'Anne Bermingham Obituary', Herald Sun 19 August 2006