Annulohypoxylon thouarsianum

Annulohypoxylon thouarsianum
Scientific classification
Domain:	Eukaryota
Kingdom:	Fungi
Division:	Ascomycota
Class:	Sordariomycetes
Order:	Xylariales
Family:	Xylariaceae
Genus:	Annulohypoxylon
Species:	A. thouarsianum
Binomial name
	Annulohypoxylon thouarsianum; (Lév.) Y.M. Ju, J.D. Rogers & H.M. Hsieh
Synonyms
	Hypoxylon africanum Van der Byl ; Hypoxylon thouarsianum var. gilletianum (Sacc.) J.H. Mill. ; Daldinia thouarsiana (Lév.) Sacc. ; Hypoxylon thouarsianum (Lév.) Lloyd ; Hypoxylon thouarsianum var. macrosporum F. San Martín, Y.M. Ju & J.D. Rogers ; Sphaeria thouarsiana Lév. ; Hypoxylon amaniense Henn. ; Hemisphaeria thouarsiana (Lév.) Kuntze ; Hypoxylon gilletianum Sacc. ; Daldinia malleola (Berk. & Ravenel) Kauffman ; Hypoxylon malleolus Berk. & Ravenel ; Annulohypoxylon thouarsianum var. macrosporum (F. San Martín, Y.M. Ju & J.D. Rogers) Y.M. Ju, J.D. Rogers & H.M. Hsieh ; Hypoxylon occidentale Ellis & Everh. ;

Annulohypoxylon thouarsianum is a species of ascomycete fungus.^[1]

Description

The species grows on the bark of decaying hardwood trees. Its fruiting body is sessile, and ranges from 1 to 5 centimetres (1⁄2 to 2 in) wide.^[2] The surface of the fruiting body is dark brown or black and has a rough texture due to the high number of perithecia.^[3]

Similar species

Various other Annulohypoxylon species are similar, as is Daldinia childiae. Species of Jackrogersella, Rosellinia, and Nemania have fewer bumps.^[2]

Distribution

Annulohypoxylon thouarsianum is most commonly found along the United States' West Coast, in the Eastern U.S., and in Mexico.^[4]

Taxonomy

The species was moved from the genus Hypoxylon to Annulohypoxylon in 2005.^[5] The following varieties are recognized:^[4]

A. t. macrosporum
A. t. thouarsianum

References

^ "Annulohypoxylon thouarsianum (Lév.) Y.M. Ju, J.D. Rogers & H.M. Hsieh". Catalogue of Life. Species 2000: Leiden, the Netherlands. Retrieved 18 December 2021.
^ ^a ^b Audubon (2023). Mushrooms of North America. Knopf. p. 74. ISBN 978-0-593-31998-7.
^ Stevens, Michael Wood & Fred. "California Fungi: Annulohypoxylon thouarsianum". www.mykoweb.com. Retrieved 2021-12-16.
^ ^a ^b "Cramp Balls (Annulohypoxylon thouarsianum)". iNaturalist. Retrieved 2021-12-15.
^ Hsieh, Huei-Mei; Ju, Yu-Ming; Rogers, Jack D. (2005-09-01). "Molecular phylogeny of Hypoxylon and closely related genera". Mycologia. 97 (4): 844–865. doi:10.1080/15572536.2006.11832776. ISSN 0027-5514. PMID 16457354. S2CID 218587618.

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[1] "Annulohypoxylon thouarsianum (Lév.) Y.M. Ju, J.D. Rogers & H.M. Hsieh". Catalogue of Life. Species 2000: Leiden, the Netherlands. Retrieved 18 December 2021.

[:0-2] Audubon (2023). Mushrooms of North America. Knopf. p. 74. ISBN 978-0-593-31998-7.

[3] Stevens, Michael Wood & Fred. "California Fungi: Annulohypoxylon thouarsianum". www.mykoweb.com. Retrieved 2021-12-16.

[inaturalist-Annulohypoxylon_thouarsianum-4] "Cramp Balls (Annulohypoxylon thouarsianum)". iNaturalist. Retrieved 2021-12-15.

[5] Hsieh, Huei-Mei; Ju, Yu-Ming; Rogers, Jack D. (2005-09-01). "Molecular phylogeny of Hypoxylon and closely related genera". Mycologia. 97 (4): 844–865. doi:10.1080/15572536.2006.11832776. ISSN 0027-5514. PMID 16457354. S2CID 218587618.

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