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The State Anthem of the Moldavian Soviet Socialist Republic was the anthem of Moldova whem it was a constituent republic of the Soviet Union.[1] Adopted in 1945, the music was composed by the composer Ștefan Neaga, and the original lyrics were written by the poets Emilian Bukov and Bogdan Istru.[2]
| English: 'Soviet Moldavia' | |
|---|---|
| Молдова Советикэ | |
.svg) Sheet music | |
Former regional anthem of the Moldavian Soviet Socialist Republic | |
| Lyrics | Emilian Bukov and Bogdan Istru, 1945 |
| Music | Ștefan Neaga (1945) Eduard Lazarev (1980) |
| Adopted | 1945 1980 |
| Relinquished | 1980 1991 |
| Preceded by | "Deșteaptă-te, române!" |
| Succeeded by | "Deșteaptă-te, române!" (until 1994) "Limba noastra" |
| Audio sample | |
In 1989, the music and the lyrics of the anthem were modified by First Secretary of the Communist Party of Moldavia Ivan Bodiul and composer Eduard Lazarev.[3] As with other anthems of Soviet Socialist Republics after de-Stalinization, the lyrics removed references to Joseph Stalin. However, unlike the other anthems, the music for "Moldova Sovietică" was also altered, removing the original three-stanza structure in favour of a single-stanza three-part structure.[1]
History
editIn 1945, the Soviet Moldavian composer Ștefan Neaga composed the melody to "Moldova Sovietică", and the poets Emil Bukov and Bogdan Istru wrote the lyrics. Their works won national musical contest in their region,[4] and they were selected to be the Moldavian anthem. Through this musical work, Neaga became well-respected among the Moldavian people.[5]
Moldovan politician and historian Valeriu Passat [ro] stated in his exhibition, "13 ani de Stalinism. RSS Moldovenească în anii 1940–1953" (13 Years of Stalinism, Moldavian SSR in years 1940–1953) that Iosif Mordoveț [ro] forced the authors to write the anthem.[6]
According to Vladimir Poțeluev,[7] the anthem was created by an order made by the Supreme Soviet of the Soviet Union in Moscow, after the annexation of the Moldavian Autonomous Soviet Socialist Republic and the Bessarabian Soviet Socialist Republic. The Supreme Soviet also said that the top brass (e.g. Stalin et al.) set multiple rules for the writers of the lyrics:
- Mention to the Communist Party of the Soviet Union.
- Mention to the "liberation from the yoke of capitalism".
- Mention to the development of infrastructure under the Soviets.
- Mention to the unity of Moldavian people with the rest of the union (something typical in the anthems of the Soviet republics).
- Mention to the total expulsion of fascists on Moldavian Territory (Soviet victory over Adolf Hitler).
De-Stalinization
editWhen Stalin died in 1953, the state anthems were muted by Nikita Khrushchev and his nation-wide de-Stalinization policy. For around two decades, the Moldavian SSR anthem did not officially contain lyrics, as it contained mentions of Stalin.
In 1977, the Soviet Union adopted a new constitution, which allowed the replacement of the lyrics of the national anthem and the anthems of the constituent republics, including Moldavia. Ivan Bodiul decided to shorten the anthem, so he, along with composer Eduard Lazarev, modified the original musical composition made by Neaga. The new composition maintained the music of the verses, added an introduction, an intermezzo, and in the end a variation of the original refrain. However, this new composition was not well-received by others.[who?][8]
Lyrics
editMoldovan historian Valeriu Pasat stated that the authors of the anthem were ordered to write then by General Iosif Mordoveț,[9] likely due to dictator Ivan Bodiul and de-Stalinization.
Recordings of Stalinist version
editThere had been no proper full recordings of the original Stalin-era lyrics to the anthem; the only recordings intended for the original anthem contained discrepancies between the recording of the original lyrics recorded by the Brass Band of the USSR Ministry of Defense in 1968, and the recording of the post-Stalinist lyrics recorded by the Choir of the State Television and Radio Broadcasting Company of the Moldavian SSR. It had three verses—each with a refrain (which was the traditional scheme for writing Soviet regional anthems), though they had never been rendered properly.[10]
In January 2016, it was discovered that the advertisement for the exhibition "13 Years of Stalinism", organized by historian and politician Valeriu Pasat, featured the beginning of the anthem, albeit with slightly modified lyrics.[9] Later, the first sheet music page of the anthem – dating back to 1947 – was discovered in the catalog of the National Library of the Republic of Moldova.[11]
The full proper recording of the original version of the anthem was subsequently uploaded to YouTube, after uses that belonged to the so-called "Ştefan Neaga Commission" found recordings of the original lyrics.[12]
Rejected verses
edit| Variant by Emil Samoilă | Variant by Leonid Cornenanu | Variant by Liviu Deleanu (rejected for aggression) |
|---|---|---|
Cotropitorii fasciști au cutezat |
Noi veacuri întregi am zăcut în robir, |
Crescută sub spada lui Ștefan cel Mare |
Orthography
editThe Cyrillic script was used officially for the Romanian language (also called Moldovan)[13][14] during Soviet times. However, after 1989, the Romanian language in modern-day Moldova now officially uses the Latin script; only the breakaway state of Transnistria (internationally recognized as a part of Moldova) still officially uses the Cyrillic alphabet.
Original version
edit| Cyrillic script (then official) |
Latin script (now official) |
IPA transcription (Moldavian dialect) |
|---|---|---|
I |
I |
1 |
| English translation | Russian translation |
|---|---|
I |
I |
Post-Stalinist version
editAfter Stalin's death in 1953, like other SSR anthems, any mentions of the former leader have been removed; however, a new version of the anthem was not adopted until 1980. The anthem was rewritten from the typical three verses with choruses—like other SSR anthems—to a three-part single verse without choruses, which was used until the collapse of the Soviet Union in 1991.[1]
The music was composed by Ștefan Neaga and was arranged by Eduard Lazarev, and the lyrics were written by Emilian Bucov and Bogdan Istru.[1]
| Moldovan Cyrillic script (then official) |
Romanian Latin script (now official) |
IPA transcription (Moldavian dialect) |
|---|---|---|
I |
I |
1 |
| Russian translation | English translation |
|---|---|
I |
I |
See also
editReferences
edit- ^ a b c d e f g h Moldova (1945-1991) – nationalanthems.info
- ^ "Catalog BNRM |". catalog.bnrm.md. Retrieved 2016-01-20.
- ^ "НЯГА Штефан". kishinev84.murvanidze.com. Archived from the original on 2017-05-10.
- ^ Știrbu, Alina. Maestrul Ștefan Neaga la intersecții de culturi: Dezvăluiri genetice și identitare a personalității lui Ștefan Neaga. pp. 102 & 103.
- ^ Nistru, 1975
- ^ "Tiparire - Eveniment / "Stalinismul", expus de Valeriu Pasat". www.timpul.md. 7 November 2012.
- ^ "Despre simbolurile "naționale" ale Republicii Sovietice Socialiste Moldovenești". www.curaj.net. Archived from the original on 2017-09-22.
- ^ Șmurgun, N., Rev. Moldova (2011). pp. 28–33.
- ^ a b „Stalinismul”, expus de Valeriu Pasat (2012-11-07). Gherciu, Ana. Timpul.
- ^ Conştiinţa naţională sub regimul comunist totalitar (R.S.S.M. 1956–1963) (V)
- ^ Imnul Republicii Sovetice Socialiste Moldoveneşti : 'Moldova cu doine străbune pe plaiuri…' : Pentru cor şi pian
- ^ "Moldova SSR National Anthem (THE TRUE ORIGINAL STALINIST VERSION)". YouTube. kingworld30. 2016-01-04.
- ^ Article 12 of the Constitution of Pridnestrovskaia Moldavskaia Respublika, kspmr.idknet.com, 24 December 1995
- ^ Population by main nationalities, mother tongue and language usually spoken, 2004 (XLS), National Bureau of Statistics of the Republic of Moldova
- ^ a b Гимн Молдавской ССР
- ^ Духовой оркестр МО СССР - Государственный гимн Молдавской ССР текст песни