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The Anti-Mui Tsai Society was an organisation founded on 26 March 1922 dedicated to abolishing the Mui-tsai system (akin to child slavery) in colonial Hong Kong.
反對蓄婢會 | |
| Formation | 26 March 1922 |
|---|---|
| Founded at | British Hong Kong |
| Location | |
| Anti-Mui Tsai Society | |||||||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Traditional Chinese | 反對蓄婢會 | ||||||||
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Background
editThe Mui-tsai was a traditional system in China, in which girls were sold as maids to their employers.[1] The Mui-Tsai girls were often girls sold by their poor parents to wealthier Chinese families as potential future daughters-in-law and domestic maids; some of them could also end up in the sex trade.[2]
The system was a traditional Chinese custom that existed from the foundation of British Hong Kong in 1841. However, despite the fact that slavery and slave trade was prohibited by British law in the colony, the British authorities long preferred to ignore the issue as a private affair for rich Chinese families.
In the early 20th-century, the Mui Tsai slave trade in girls attracted attention among both Christian Chinese and British people in Hong Kong, and the Anti-Mui Tsai Society was founded 26 March 1922.
Influence
editThe Anti-Mui Tsai Society marked the increasing social activism of Chinese Christians and labour unions in colonial Hong Kong.[3]
Its opponents included the Society for the Protection of the Mui Tsai, which was backed by prominent merchants in the Chinese community, including Lau Chu Pak, Ho Fook and Ho Kum Tong.
An intense campaign took place against the slave trade in the British press. The campaign resulted in the introduction of a ban against the slave trade by the introduction of registration of the Mui Tsai girls, and thereby prohibition of the slave trade. However, this reform was viewed as purely cosmetic, since it was not enforced in practice.
Britain was, as a member of the League of Nations, subjected to the 1926 Slavery Convention of the League. This made it necessary for Britain to address the Mui Tsai system, and the issue attracted international attention. After strong political pressure, the Hong Kong authorities introduced the Female Domestic Service Ordinance in 1929, which prescribed that all Mui Tsai-girls were to be registered by 31 May 1930. After May 1930, no further registration - and thus no further sale - of Mui Tsai girls were to occur, and inspectors were appointed to ensure that the Mui Tsai-girls were treated well and were paid a salary.[4]
In popular culture
edit- Silver Spoon, Sterling Shackles (Chinese: 名媛望族), a 2012 Hong Kong television drama produced by Television Broadcasts Limited (TVB)[5]
See also
editReferences
edit- ^ Carl T. Smith (1995). A sense of history: studies in the social and urban history of Hong Kong. Hong Kong Educational Publishing Co. ISBN 962-290-313-4.
- ^ Carl T. Smith (1995). A sense of history: studies in the social and urban history of Hong Kong. Hong Kong Educational Publishing Co. ISBN 962-290-313-4.
- ^ Smith, Carl T. (1981). "The Chinese Church, Labour and Elites and the Mui Tsai question in the 1920s". Journal of the Hong Kong Branch of the Royal Asiatic Society. 21: 91–113. ISSN 0085-5774.
- ^ Hong Kong Med J Vol. 12., pp. 464-465
- ^ "Casual TVB: Historical Context: Mui Tsai System". December 2012.
Further reading
edit- Hugh Lyttleton Haslewood and Mrs. Clara Blanche Lucena Taylor Haslewood (1930). Child slavery in Hong Kong: the mui tsai system. Sheldon Press. https://books.google.com/books?id=VcndjbdTUBYC
- Karen Yuen (December 2004). "Theorizing the Chinese: The MUI TSAI controversy and construction of transnational chineseness in Hong Kong and British Malaya" (PDF). New Zealand Journal of Asian Studies. 6 (2): 95–110. Archived from the original (PDF) on 5 August 2020. Retrieved 22 April 2013.
- Carl T. Smith (1995). A sense of history: studies in the social and urban history of Hong Kong. Hong Kong Educational Publishing Co. ISBN 962-290-313-4.
- Episode 8 – Anti-Mui Tsai Movement 2010-01-06 http://programme.rthk.org.hk/rthk/tv/programme.php?p=4639&d=2010-01-06&e=102369&m=episode
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