Antidorus (Ancient Greek: Ἀντίδωρος) of Cyme or Cumae was a Greek grammarian. He was influenced by Eratosthenes,[1] chief librarian at the Library of Alexandria. He played a role in the development of the science of grammar,[2] which emerged during his time as a noted grammarian between 340–330 BC.[3] Thus he lived in the time of Alexander the Great.
Various definitions of grammar
editIn Ancient Greece, the term γραμματική (grammar) had many meanings that evolved over time:
- The term ″grammarian″ as understood in the earlier classical sense: knowledge of the letters of the alphabet (this being the common meaning) and the number of alphabets known; thus implying a person knowing how to read.
- As understanding developed, the term was used for a teacher of reading. Theagenes of Rhegium (floruit 550 BC) was the earliest allegorical interpreter of Homer, and thus perhaps the first person to have the term γραμματική acceptably applied.
- During the Alexandrian age, it meant "a student of literature, especially of poetry".[3]
Arguments
editAccording to a tradition, the first person to have a developed designation of γραμματικός applied to his activities,[2] ergo himself[clarification needed] was a pupil of Theophrastus, the philosopher of the peripatetic school of Praxiphanes of Rhodes, active and flourishing about 300 BC,[4] although another tradition suggests that Antidorus might instead have been the first γραμματικός.[5]
They say that Antidorus of Chyme was the first person to call himself a grammarian; he wrote a treatise about Homer and Hesiod [6]
See also
editReferences
edit- ^ Matthaios, Stephanos (2011). "Eratosthenes of Cyrene: Readings of his 'Grammar' Definition". In Matthaios, Stephanos; Montanari, Franco; Rengakos, Antonios (eds.). Ancient Scholarship and Grammar: Archetypes, Concepts and Contexts. Trends in Classics – Supplementary Volumes. Vol. 8. Walter De Gruyter (published February 2011). pp. 55–86. doi:10.1515/9783110254044.55. ISBN 978-3-11-025404-4.
- ^ a b c Stephanos Matthaios, Franco Montanari, Antonios Rengakos Ancient Scholarship and Grammar: Archetypes, Concepts and Contexts. Walter de Gruyter. 2011. ISBN 9783110254037. Retrieved 2011-12-11.
- ^ a b Sandys, John Edwin (1921) [1903]. A History of Classical Scholarship: From the Sixth Century B.C. to the End of the Middle Ages. Vol. 1 (Third ed.). Cambridge University Press. Retrieved 2011-11-06.
- ^ John Edwin Sandys brmullikin.com Retrieved 2011-11-06 [dead link]
- ^ Brink, Charles Oscar (1982). Horace on Poetry: Epistles Book II: The Letters to Augustus and Florus. Cambridge University Press. ISBN 0-521-20069-5. Retrieved 2011-11-06.
- ^ Hesiod: Theogony, Works and days, Testimonia. Translated by Most, Glenn W. Harvard University Press. 2006. p. 267. ISBN 0-674-99622-4. Retrieved 2011-11-06.