Antimony tribromide

Antimony tribromide (SbBr₃) is a chemical compound containing antimony in its +3 oxidation state.

Antimony tribromide

Names
IUPAC name tribromostibane
Other names Antimony(III) bromide
Identifiers
CAS Number	7789-61-9 N
3D model (JSmol)	Interactive image Interactive image
ChemSpider	23017 Y
ECHA InfoCard	100.029.254
EC Number	232-179-8
PubChem CID	24615
RTECS number	CC4400000
UNII	6PM239QD86
UN number	1549
CompTox Dashboard (EPA)	DTXSID6064870
InChI InChI=1S/3BrH.Sb/h3*1H;/q;;;+3/p-3 Y Key: RPJGYLSSECYURW-UHFFFAOYSA-K Y InChI=1/3BrH.Sb.3H/h3*1H;;;;/q;;;+3;;;/p-3/r3BrH.H3Sb/h3*1H;1H3/q;;;+3/p-3 Key: BJUAQAQGPWXYGO-DAEPFFQNAU InChI=1/3BrH.Sb/h3*1H;/q;;;+3/p-3 Key: RPJGYLSSECYURW-DFZHHIFOAI
SMILES [Br-].[Br-].[Br-].[SbH3+3] Br[Sb](Br)Br
Properties
Chemical formula	SbBr3
Molar mass	361.472 g/mol
Appearance	colorless to yellow crystals hygroscopic
Density	4.35 g/cm3
Melting point	96.6 °C (205.9 °F; 369.8 K)
Boiling point	288 °C (550 °F; 561 K)
Solubility in water	soluble,partial hydrolysis
Solubility	soluble in dilute HCl, HBr, CS2, acetone, benzene, chloroform, ammonia, alcohol
Magnetic susceptibility (χ)	-115.0·10−6 cm3/mol
Refractive index (nD)	1.74
Dipole moment	2.47 D
Structure
Crystal structure	Orthorhombic, oP16, SpaceGroup = Pnma, No. 62 (β form)
Thermochemistry
Heat capacity (C)	96 J/mol K
Std enthalpy of formation (ΔfH⦵298)	-259 kJ/mol
Hazards
GHS labelling:
Pictograms
Signal word	Warning
Hazard statements	H302, H332, H411
Precautionary statements	P261, P264, P270, P271, P273, P301+P312, P304+P312, P304+P340, P312, P330, P391, P501
Lethal dose or concentration (LD, LC):
LD50 (median dose)	7000 mg/kg
NIOSH (US health exposure limits):
PEL (Permissible)	TWA 0.5 mg/m3 (as Sb)
REL (Recommended)	TWA 0.5 mg/m3 (as Sb)
Except where otherwise noted, data are given for materials in their standard state (at 25 °C [77 °F], 100 kPa). N verify (what is YN ?) Infobox references

Production

Antimony tribromide may be made by the reaction of antimony with elemental bromine, or by the reaction of antimony trioxide with hydrobromic acid.

Alternatively, it can be prepared by the action of bromine on a mixture of antimony sulfide and antimony trioxide at 250 °C.

Chemical properties

Antimony tribromide has two crystalline forms, both having orthorhombic symmetries. When a warm carbon disulfide solution of SbBr₃ is rapidly cooled, it crystallizes into the needle-like α-SbBr₃, which then slowly converts to the more stable β form.

Antimony tribromide hydrolyzes in water to form hydrobromic acid and antimony trioxide:

2 SbBr₃ + 3 H₂O → Sb₂O₃ + 6 HBr

Uses

It can be added to polymers such as polyethylene as a fire retardant. It is also used in the production of other antimony compounds, in chemical analysis, as a mordant, and in dyeing.