Antimony pentasulfide is an inorganic compound of antimony and sulfur, also known as antimony red. It is a nonstoichiometric compound with a variable composition. Its structure is unknown.[2] Commercial samples are contaminated with sulfur, which may be removed by washing with carbon disulfide in a Soxhlet extractor.
| Names | |
|---|---|
| Other names
Antimony red
| |
| Identifiers | |
3D model (JSmol)
|
|
| ChEBI | |
| ChemSpider | |
| ECHA InfoCard | 100.013.869 |
| EC Number |
|
PubChem CID
|
|
| UNII | |
CompTox Dashboard (EPA)
|
|
| |
| |
| Properties | |
| Sb2S5 | |
| Molar mass | 403.82 g·mol−1 |
| Appearance | Red powder |
| Density | 4.12 g/cm 3 |
| Melting point | 135 °C (275 °F; 408 K) (decomposes) |
| insoluble | |
| Solubility | soluble in HCl, alkalis, ammonium hydrosulfide |
| Pharmacology | |
| R05CA07 (WHO) | |
| Hazards | |
| GHS labelling: | |
  
| |
| Warning | |
| H228, H302, H332, H411 | |
| P210, P240, P241, P261, P264, P270, P271, P273, P280, P301+P312, P304+P312, P304+P340, P312, P330, P370+P378, P391, P501 | |
| Flash point | flammable |
| NIOSH (US health exposure limits): | |
PEL (Permissible)
|
TWA 0.5 mg/m3 (as Sb)[1] |
REL (Recommended)
|
TWA 0.5 mg/m3 (as Sb)[1] |
| Related compounds | |
Related compounds
|
Antimony(III) sulfide |
Except where otherwise noted, data are given for materials in their standard state (at 25 °C [77 °F], 100 kPa).
| |
Production
editAntimony pentasulfide can be produced by the reaction of antimony with sulfur at a temperature from 250 to 400 °C in an inert atmosphere.
Uses
editIt may be used as a red pigment and is one possible precursor to Schlippe's salt, Na3SbS4·9H2O, which can be prepared according to the equation:
- 3 Na2S + Sb2S5 + 9 H2O → 2 Na3SbS4·9H2O
It is also used in the vulcanization of rubber to produce red rubber.
Physical chemistry
editLike many sulfides, this compound liberates hydrogen sulfide upon treatment with strong acids such as hydrochloric acid.[3]
- 6 HCl + Sb2S5 → 2 SbCl3 + 3 H2S + 2 S
Analysis by Mössbauer spectroscopy indicates that this compound is a derivative antimony(III),[4] explaining the production of antimony(III) chloride, rather than antimony(V) chloride, upon acidification. It is, therefore, not analogous to the phosphorus(V) compound phosphorus pentasulfide.
References
edit- ^ a b NIOSH Pocket Guide to Chemical Hazards. "#0036". National Institute for Occupational Safety and Health (NIOSH).
- ^ Arnold F. Holleman, Nils Wiberg: Lehrbuch der Anorganischen Chemie, 102nd edition, de Gruyter, Berlin 2007, p. 849, ISBN 978-3-11-017770-1.
- ^ Strem MSDS
- ^ G. G. Long; J. G. Stevens; L. H. Bowen; S. L. Ruby (1969). "The oxidation number of antimony in antimony pentasulfide". Inorganic and Nuclear Chemistry Letters. 5 (1): 21–25. doi:10.1016/0020-1650(69)80231-X.