General Antoine Drouot, Comte Drouot (French pronunciation: [ɑ̃twan dʁuo]; 11 January 1774 – 24 March 1847) was a French officer who fought in the French Revolutionary and Napoleonic Wars.[1]
Drouot is one of a select group who were present at both the Battle of Trafalgar (1805) and the Battle of Waterloo (1815).[2][a] Drouot's name is inscribed on the western pillar under the Arc de Triomphe.
Biography
editBorn in Nancy, France,[5] the son of a baker,[1] Drouot trained as an artilleryman and took part in the battles of the French Revolution where he rose through the ranks and was a captain of artillery at the Battle of Hohenlinden in 1800.[5]
Later he had an illustrious career in the many battles of the Empire, notably, Wagram (1809) and Borodino (1812). For his conduct at the battles of Lützen, Bautzen in 1813, where he commanded the artillery of the Imperial Guard, he was made a general of division and aide-de-camp to the Emperor Napoleon.[5]
Drouot was with Napoleon during his exile to the island of Elba (1814–1815), who made him governor of the island.[5] He accompanied Napoleon back to France in 1815 and was with him at the start of the Hundred Days. He was with the Imperial Guard for the Waterloo Campaign,[5] and on the eve of the Battle of Waterloo he took command of the Imperial Guard when Marshal Mortier who would generally assume command fell ill with sciatica,[6] He was with Napoleon when at the end of the battle just before the rout when Napoleon briefly took command of a square of grenadier Guards, near Decoster's house, and left the field with Napoleon. Later in the campaign (after Napoleon had abdicated for the second time), he was commandant of the Imperial Guard in Paris.[5]
After the surrender of Paris and the restoration of King Louis XVIII, Drouot stood trial for treason in which he defended himself skilfully. He was acquitted and granted a state pension. In his retirement he did what he could for the veterans of the Imperial Guard and died in 1847.[7]
Assessment
edit
In his biography in Nouvelle Biographie Générale Ch. Héquet wrote "France was astonished in 1814 to learn, that she had possessed for a long time the best officer of artillery in Europe".[5][1] Napoleon called Drouot le Sage de la Grande Armée (the sage of the Grand Army).[5]
Notes
edit- ^ Accompanying Wellington at the Battle of Waterloo was, General Álava the Spanish ambassador to the Netherlands who had fought against the Royal Navy at Trafalgar,[3] and at least one battalion of French soldiers present at Waterloo had served as marines at Trafalgar.[4]
- ^ a b c Héquet 1855, p. 802.
- ^ Summerville 2007, p. 121.
- ^ Summerville 2007, p. 5.
- ^ Cornwell 2015, p. 42.
- ^ a b c d e f g h Thomas 1892, p. 791.
- ^ Summerville 2007, p. 122.
- ^ Summerville 2007, p. 123.
References
edit- Cornwell, Bernard (23 February 2015), Waterloo: The History of Four Days, Three Armies and Three Battles, Lulu.com, p. 42, ISBN 978-1-312-92522-9
- Héquet, Ch. (de Nancy) (1855), "Drouot", in Hoefer, Ferdinand (ed.), Nouvelle Biographie Générale (in French), vol. 9, Paris, pp. 802–803
{{citation}}: CS1 maint: location missing publisher (link) - Summerville, Christopher J. (2007), "Alava", Who was who at Waterloo: A Biography of the Battle, Longman, pp. 5, 121–123, ISBN 978-0-582-78405-5
Attribution
- Thomas, Joseph (1892), Universal pronouncing dictionary of biography and mythology (Aa, van der – Hyperius), vol. 1, Philadelphia: J.B. Lippincott, p. 791 Endnotes:
- J Nollet-Fabert (1850),Biographic du Général Drouot;
- Henri Le Page(1847), Le Général Drouot;
- Lacoruaire (1847), E'oge du Général Drouot.