Antonio López y López, 1st Marquess of Comillas, GE (1817 in Comillas – 1883 in Barcelona), was a Spanish businessman, slave trader[1] and shipping magnate. He was the founder of a number of important companies, and one of the world's wealthiest men in the second half of the nineteenth century.[2]
The Marquess of Comillas | |
|---|---|
 Litography of the Marquess of Comillas, 1883 | |
| Personal details | |
| Born | April 12, 1817 Comillas, Spain |
| Died | January 16, 1883 (aged 65) Barcelona, Spain |
| Spouse | Lluïsa Bru Lassús |
| Children | Four |
After his death his son Claudio López Bru took over the responsibility of running the companies his father had founded.
Biography
editAntonio López emigrated to colonial Cuba in 1831 while still a teenager and lived in Santiago de Cuba. He took an interest in shipping and in 1850 he founded the "Compañia de Vapores Correos A. López" which began operations with a 400-ton hybrid sailing ship-sidewheel steamer. This company would eventually become the Compañía Transatlántica Española ocean line in 1881.[3] In Cuba, he was involved in trading slaves, purchasing enslaved Africans who had been illegally landed on Cuba's eastern coast and selling them in several Cuban cities.[4][5]
In 1876 he became the co-founder and first president of the Banco Hispano Colonial, established in Barcelona. He also led the Banco de Crédito Mercantil.[6] Around that time Antonio López moved to Barcelona and married a Catalan lady, Lluïsa Bru Lassús, with whom he had four children. Claudio Lopez Bru was his fourth son. During this decade he moved the head offices of some of his companies to Spain as well.[7] Eventually his children became part of the high society in Barcelona and Antonio López became the father-in-law of Eusebi Güell after his daughter Isabel López Bru married him.[8]
At the prompting of Jesuit Tomás Gómez Carral Antonio López agreed to finance the construction of the Comillas Pontifical University, but he died in 1883 in Barcelona in the very year of the groundbreaking ceremony.[9]
Legacy and honors
edit
Antonio López was the founder of the following companies: Compañía General de Tabacos de Filipinas, Ferrocarriles del Norte, and Compañía Transatlántica Española, among others.
In 1877 writer Jacint Verdaguer wrote the Catalan language poem L'Atlàntida in his honour.[10]
He was ennobled with the title of Marquess of Comillas in 1878 and was also awarded the Order of Isabella the Catholic. King Alfonso XII made a eulogy of Antonio López following his death, saying that "Spain has lost one of the men who has given it the greatest service."
In Barcelona there was formerly a monument dedicated to him and the companies he founded. Located close to the Compañía Transatlántica Española head office, the monument A López y López was erected in 1884 and was designed by architect Josep Oriol Mestres and sculptor Venanci Vallmitjana. On its sides it has reliefs by Lluís Puiggener, Joan Roig i Solé, Rossend Nobas and Francesc Pagès. The monument was destroyed in 1936, but was restored in 1944 by Frederic Marès.[11] On March 4, 2018 the monument was finally removed after a campaign denouncing the involvement of Antonio López in the slave trade.[12]
Arms
edit- Heraldry of Antonio López, 1st Marquess of Comillas
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Coat of Arms as Marquess of Comillas
(1878-1883)
See also
editReferences
edit- ^ "Barcelona's slave trade history revealed on new walking tour". the Guardian. 2016-04-13. Retrieved 2022-12-29.
- ^ Antonio López y López - Biografia
- ^ Pictures and history of CTE ships
- ^ https://www.cafehistoria.com.br/antonio-lopez-memory/
- ^ https://euideas.eui.eu/2022/02/18/the-end-of-self-delusion-challenging-slaverys-heritage-in-spain-and-catalonia/
- ^ Antonio López López 1817-1883 desde 1878 primer «Marqués de Comillas»
- ^ "Diario Montañés; Antonio López y López". Archived from the original on 2007-08-22. Retrieved 2017-02-20.
- ^ Eusebi Güell - Catalan Encyclopedia
- ^ Enciclopedia de la Cultura Española - Comillas. Universidad Pontificia de Comillas
- ^ Antonio López López (1817-1883) desde 1878 primer “Marqués de Comillas”
- ^ Jaume Capó & Aleix Catasús. Guia d'escultures de Barcelona. Barcelona: Polígrafa, 2003. ISBN 84-343-1019-8
- ^ "Barcelona retira la estatua de Antonio López por "esclavista"" [Barcelona removes Antonio López monument under slavery allegations]. La Vanguardia (in Spanish). Barcelona, Spain. 2018-03-04. Retrieved 2018-03-04.
External links
edit
Media related to Antonio López y López at Wikimedia Commons- Pontifical University of Comillas - History
