Antonio Ortiz Mena (16 April 1907 – 12 March 2007) was a Mexican economist who served as President of the Inter-American Development Bank (1971–1988) and as Mexico's Secretary of Finance during the administrations of Adolfo López Mateos and Gustavo Díaz Ordaz (1958–1970).[6]
Antonio Ortiz Mena | |
|---|---|
 | |
| President of the Inter-American Development Bank | |
| In office 1971–1988 | |
| Preceded by | Felipe Herrera |
| Succeeded by | Enrique V. Iglesias |
| Secretary of Finance and Public Credit | |
| In office 1 December 1958 – 13 August 1970[1] | |
| President | Adolfo López Mateos and Gustavo Díaz Ordaz |
| Preceded by | Antonio Carrillo Flores |
| Succeeded by | Hugo B. Margáin |
| Personal details | |
| Born | 16 April 1907[2][nb 1] Parral, Chihuahua, Mexico[3] |
| Died | 12 March 2007 (aged 99) Mexico City, Mexico[4] |
| Political party | Institutional Revolutionary Party (PRI) |
| Spouse | Martha Salinas[4] |
| Alma mater | National Autonomous University of Mexico (UNAM)[5] |
According to Pedro Aspe —who served as Secretary of Finance almost two decades later— during Ortiz' tenure Mexico's per-capita income grew 3.4 percent annually for twelve years and economic growth averaged six percent a year; inflation often remained below three percent, and millions entered the middle class as the country began its transformation from a largely rural economy to an industrial one.[2]
Biography
editOrtiz Mena was born in Parral, Chihuahua, and overtook his basic studies at the Colegio Alemán, Colegio Franco-Inglés, and at the National Preparatory School of the Mexican capital. He later entered the National Autonomous University of Mexico (UNAM, 1925–1928) and graduated with a bachelor's degree in Law.[3]
Both his parents were from old families of the northern states of Sonora and Chihuahua. Both families have had active members in Mexican political life, landownership, and mining exploitation and commerce from the time of the Spanish colony through the revolution that convulsed the country from 1910 to 1930.[7][8]
From 1932 to 1936 he held minor posts at the now-defunct Department of the Federal District, and later on he gained some experience in banking while working as an assistant to the director of the National Urban Mortgage Bank (1936–1945) and as deputy director of the National Mortgage Bank (1946–1952). President Adolfo Ruiz Cortines appointed him director-general of the Mexican Institute of Social Security (IMSS) serving from 1952 to 1958.[3]
Secretariat of Finance
editFrom 1958 to 1970 he served as Secretary of Finance and Public Credit for a twelve-year period of sustained economic growth and development under presidents Adolfo López Mateos and Gustavo Díaz Ordaz. At least in two occasions, in 1963 and 1969, he was considered a strong contender to the presidency representing the then-hegemonic Institutional Revolutionary Party (PRI), and even former President Miguel Alemán was among his supporters.[9] Nevertheless, in both episodes he lost the nomination.
Inter-American Development Bank
editHe finally stepped down from the post in August 1970, just months before the inauguration of President Luis Echeverría. His resignation took many by surprise,[6] but a few months later the governments of Mexico and the United States announced they were supporting his bid to become the next president of the Inter-American Development Bank, replacing Chilean Felipe Herrera, its founding chairman.[1] Both Argentina and Venezuela nominated different candidates, but on 27 November 1970 Ortiz received the majority of votes, although the U.S. Secretary of Treasury, David M. Kennedy, reported to Richard Nixon that the election had been "contentious".[nb 2]
He remained as president of the IADB for seventeen years until his resignation in 1988 —three years before the end of his last term— amid suspicions that U.S. President Ronald Reagan was trying to intervene in its internal affairs since his Secretary of State, George P. Shultz, had tried to block a 58 million USD loan to a then-Sandinista Nicaragua.[5] According to Elisabeth Malkin of The New York Times, during his tenure lending increased tenfold and he concentrated most of its efforts on supporting Latin American infrastructure projects, heavy industries and first financing operations for microenterprise.[2]
Back in Mexico he served as director of Banamex, one of the country's top commercial banks that had been recently nationalized. He died in Mexico City on 12 March 2007 at the age of 99, after spending two weeks in a hospital recovering from a fall.[5]
Notes
edit- ^ Roderic Ai Camp places his date of birth incorrectly as 22 September 1908, contradicting most obituaries published at the time of Ortiz' death. See Camp, 1995.
- ^ Washington National Records Center, Department of the Treasury, Secretary's Memos/Correspondence: FRC 56 74 A 7, Memo to the President—September–December 1970. See also the Memorandum From the Under Secretary of the Treasury (Walker) to President Nixon.
References
edit- ^ a b Office of the Historian. "Document 43: Memorandum From the Under Secretary of the Treasury (Walker) to President Nixon". Foreign Relations of the United States, 1969-1976. Volume IV, Foreign Assistance, International Development, Trade Policies, 1969-1972. U.S. Department of State. Retrieved 10 December 2009.
- ^ a b c Malkin, Elisabeth (16 March 2007). "Antonio Ortiz Mena, 99, Mexican Finance Minister in 1960s, Dies". New York Times. Retrieved 10 December 2009.
- ^ a b c Camp, Roderic Ai (1995). Mexican Political Biographies, 1935-1993 (3rd ed.). University of Texas Press. p. 528. ISBN 978-0-292-71181-5. Retrieved 10 December 2009.
- ^ a b "Honoring the memory of former IDB President Antonio Ortiz Mena". Announcements. Inter-American Development Bank. 13 March 2007. Retrieved 10 December 2009.
- ^ a b c Sullivan, Patricia (22 March 2007). "Antonio Ortiz Mena, 99; Inter-American Bank Chief". Washington Post. Retrieved 10 December 2009.
- ^ a b Basáñez, Miguel (1996). "El sector público". La lucha por la hegemonía en México, 1968-1990 (in Spanish) (10th ed.). Mexico City: Siglo XXI. p. 84. ISBN 978-968-23-1659-3. OCLC 37776045. Retrieved 2009-12-10.
- ^ Krauze, Enrique (28 February 1999). "Antonio Ortiz Mena: El presidente que no fue". Archived from the original on 2014-09-18.
- ^ "President of Hemisphere Bank". The New York Times. 1970-11-30. ISSN 0362-4331. Retrieved 2020-07-30.
- ^ Davies, Diane E. (1994). Urban leviathan: Mexico City in the twentieth century. Philadelphia, USA: Temple University Press. p. 163. ISBN 978-1-56639-151-1. OCLC 254483358. Retrieved 10 December 2009.