Wikipedia

Antrodia

Antrodia is a genus of fungi in the family Fomitopsidaceae. Antrodia species have fruit bodies that typically resupinate (i.e., lying flat or spread out on the growing surface), with the hymenium exposed to the outside; the edges may be turned so as to form narrow brackets. Most species are found in temperate and boreal forests, and cause brown rot.

Antrodia
Antrodia serialis
Scientific classification Edit this classification
Domain: Eukaryota
Kingdom: Fungi
Division: Basidiomycota
Class: Agaricomycetes
Order: Polyporales
Family: Fomitopsidaceae
Genus: Antrodia
P.Karst. (1879)[1]
Type species
Antrodia serpens
(Fr.) P.Karst. (1879)
Species

~50

Synonyms[2]

Description

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Antrodia are effused-resupinate, that is, they lie stretched out on the growing surface with the hymenium exposed on the outer side, but turned out at the edges to form brackets. When present, these brackets are typically white or pale brown. The pores on the surface of the hymenium may be round or angular. The context is white or pale. All species cause brown-rot. Typically, basidiospores are thin-walled, cylindrical, and narrowly ellipsoidal or fusiform in shape.[5] Most species grow on the wood of coniferous trees, except for A. albida, which grows on the dead wood of deciduous trees.[6] Abdul jamil

Distribution

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Roughly twenty-nine species are known from Europe,[7] 21 species in North America,[8] and 18 species in East Asia,[9] although more new species have been reported since the time of these publications.

Taxonomy

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The modern definition of the genus follows the description given by Gilbertson and Ryvarden (1986), in their monograph North American Polypores.[8]

In order to reliably identify the various species and strains of medicinal Antrodia, genetic markers have been developed and phylogenetic analyses performed.[10] These analyses have demonstrated that there are three distinct phylogenetic lineages within the genus Antrodia.

Species

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Antrodia albobrunnea

The following species are recognised in the genus Antrodia:[11]

References

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  1. ^ Karsten P. (1880). "Symbolae ad Mycologian Fennicam 6". Meddelanden Af Societatis Pro Fauna et Flora Fennica (in Latin). 5: 15–46.
  2. ^ "Synonymy: Antrodia P. Karst". Species Fungorum. CAB International. Retrieved 2014-08-17.
  3. ^ Murrill WA. (1905). "The Polyporaceae of North America: XII. A synopsis of the white and bright-colored pileate species". Bulletin of the Torrey Botanical Club. 32 (9): 469–93 (see p. 481). doi:10.2307/2478463. JSTOR 2478463.
  4. ^ Kotlába F, Pouzar Z (1958). "Polypori novi vel minus cogniti Cechoslovakiae III". Ceská Mykologie. 12 (2): 95–104.
  5. ^ Dai YC, Niemelä T (2002). "Changbai wood-rotting fungi 13". Antrodia sensu lato". Annales Botanici Fennici. 39: 257–265.
  6. ^ Ellis JB, Ellis MB (1990). Fungi without Gills (Hymenomycetes and Gasteromycetes): An Identification Handbook. London, UK: Chapman and Hall. p. 27. ISBN 0-412-36970-2.
  7. ^ Ryvarden L, Gilbertson RL (1993). European polypores 1. Synopsis Fungorum. Vol. 6. pp. 1–387.
  8. ^ a b Ryvarden L, Gilbertson RL (1986). North American Polypores. Oslo, Norway: Fungiflora. ISBN 0-945345-06-2.
  9. ^ Núñez M, Ryvarden L (2001). East Asian polypores 2. Polyporaceae s. lato. Synopsis Fungorum. Vol. 14. pp. 170–522.
  10. ^ Chiu HH. (2007). "Phylogenetic analysis ofAntrodia species and Antrodia camphorata inferred from internal transcribed spacer region". Antonie van Leeuwenhoek. 91 (3): 267–76. doi:10.1007/s10482-006-9116-4. PMID 17072535. S2CID 25431381.
  11. ^ "Species Fungorum - Search Page". www.speciesfungorum.org. Retrieved 2024-01-19.
  12. ^ Cui BK, Li HJ, Dai YC (2011). "Wood-rotting fungi in eastern China 6. Two new species of Antrodia (Basidiomycota) from Mt. Huangshan, Anhui Province". Mycotaxon. 116: 13–20. doi:10.5248/116.13.
  13. ^ Vlasák J, Vlasák J Jr, Ryvarden L (2012). "Four new polypore species from the western United States". Mycotaxon. 119: 217–31. doi:10.5248/119.217.
  14. ^ a b Kout, Jiří; Vlasák, Josef; Vlasák Jr., Josef (2017). "Antrodia multiformis and A. tenerifensis spp. nov. (Fomitopsidaceae, Basidiomycota): new brown rot polypores". Mycological Progress. 16 (7): 737–742. Bibcode:2017MycPr..16..737K. doi:10.1007/s11557-017-1310-4. S2CID 27715816.
  15. ^ Cui BK. (2013). "Antrodia tropica sp. nov. from southern China inferred from morphological characters and molecular data". Mycological Progress. 12 (2): 223–30. Bibcode:2013MycPr..12..223C. doi:10.1007/s11557-012-0829-7. S2CID 8400718.
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