Ar'arat an-Naqab (Arabic: Arabic: عرعرة النقب) or Ar'ara BaNegev (Hebrew: עַרְעָרָה בַּנֶּגֶב), previously called Aroer,[3] is a Bedouin town (local council) in the Southern District of Israel. Its name stands for "the juniper tree[4] in Negev". It is situated not far from the archaeological site of Aroer.[citation needed]
Ar'arat an-Naqab
| |
|---|---|
| Hebrew transcription(s) | |
| • Also spelled | Ar'ara BaNegev (official) |
 | |
  Ar'arat an-Naqab  Ar'arat an-Naqab | |
| Coordinates: 31°09′35″N 35°01′25″E / 31.15972°N 35.02361°E | |
| Country |  Israel |
| District | Southern |
| Founded | 1982 |
| Government | |
| • Head of Municipality | David Bonfeld (an acting mayor)[1] |
| Area | |
| • Total | 14,052 dunams (14.052 km2 or 5.426 sq mi) |
| Population (2022)[2] | |
| • Total | 20,381 |
| • Density | 1,500/km2 (3,800/sq mi) |
Ar'arat an-Naqab was founded in 1982 as part of a government project to settle Bedouins in permanent settlements. It is one of seven Bedouin townships in the Negev desert with approved plans and developed infrastructure (other six are: Hura, Lakiya, Shaqib al-Salam (Segev Shalom), Kuseife (Kseife), Tel as-Sabi (Tel-Sheva) and the city of Rahat, the largest among them).[5]
Population
editAccording to the Israel Central Bureau of Statistics (CBS), the population of Ar'arat an-Naqab was 20,381 in 2022. Its jurisdiction is 14,052 dunams.[6]
History
editBackground
editPrior to the establishment of Israel, the Negev Bedouins were a semi-nomadic society that had been through a process of sedentariness since the Ottoman rule of the region. Most researches agree that Bedouins arrived to the Negev around year 1800, but there is evidence of earlier migrations as well.[citation needed]
During the British Mandate period the administration didn't provide a legal frame to justify and preserve lands’ ownership. In order to settle this issue, Israel's land policy was adapted to a large extent from the Ottoman land regulations of 1858 as the only preceding legal frame. Thus Israel nationalized most of the Negev lands using the state's land regulations from 1969.[citation needed]
20th century
editIsrael has continued the policy of sedentarization of Negev Bedouins imposed by the Ottoman authorities, and at first it included regulation and re-location. During the 1950s Israel re-located two-thirds of the Negev Bedouins into an area that was under martial law.[citation needed]
The next step was to establish seven townships built especially for Bedouins in order to sedentarize and urbanize them by offering them better life conditions, proper infrastructure and high quality public services in sanitation, health and education, and municipal services. But not all Bedouins agree to move from tents and structures built on the state lands into apartments prepared for them. In permanent planned villages like Ar'arat an-Naqab lives about 60% of Bedouin citizens of Israel, while the rest in illegal homes spread all over North Negev.[7]
21st century
editThe rate of unemployment remains high in Bedouin townships, as well as crime level.[8] School through age 16 is mandatory by law, but the vast majority of the population does not receive a high school education. Women are discriminated in the patriarchal-type Bedouin society.[9]
Employment
editDespite the fact that unemployment level among Negev Bedouins is high, there are several employment opportunities in the region. Several industrial parks are situated in the area - Ramat Hovav, Hura, there are industrial zones in Beersheba, Arad and Dimona, etc. Other job opportunities are: several chemical plants near the Dead Sea like the Dead Sea Works, different high-tech companies and textile shops. There is a number of Bedouins working in the area of service.
Infrastructure
editMedical services
editThere are branches of several health funds (medical clinics) in Ar'arat an-Naqab: Leumit, Clalit, Maccabi and several perinatal (baby care) centers Tipat Halav.
Education
editThere is a number of schools in the township.
Sewage
editUntil 2009, Ar'arat an-Naqab's sewage either went through an old purification facility or into one of several pools that were created in the 1980s and posed an environmental hazard. As a result of the construction and expansion of nearby Nevatim Airbase, the Israel Air Force invested in the purification facility, making it modern and sufficient for the needs of the village as well as the airbase.[10]
See also
editReferences
edit- ^ PM Netanyahu meets with Negev Bedouin mayors MFA, November 3, 2011
- ^ "Regional Statistics". Israel Central Bureau of Statistics. Retrieved 21 March 2024.
- ^ Steven C. Dinero (November 2010). Settling for Less: The Planned Resettlement of Israel's Negev Bedouin. Berghahn Books. ISBN 978-1-84545-982-6.
- ^ Palmer, 1881, p.144
- ^ State of Israel. Ministry of Justice, Ministry of Foreign Affairs. List of Issues to be taken up in Connection with the Consideration of Israel's Fourth and Fifth Periodic Reports of Israel (CEDAW/C/ISR/4 and CEDAW/C/ISR/5) Archived 2013-10-15 at the Wayback Machine
- ^ "Local Authorities in Israel 2005, Publication #1295 - Municipality Profiles - Ar'ara BaNegev" (PDF) (in Hebrew). Israel Central Bureau of Statistics. Retrieved 2008-03-07.
- ^ Bedouin information, ILA, 2007 Archived May 14, 2011, at the Wayback Machine
- ^ Blueprint Negev. Working with Bedouin communities
- ^ "The activism of Bedouin women: Social and political resistance"[permanent dead link]. Sarab Abu-Rabia-Queder. Ben Gurion University.
- ^ Sarusi, Neta (August 21, 2009). "On the Purity of Collaboration". Bamahane (in Hebrew). No. 3001. p. 20.
External links
edit- Lands of the Negev, a short film presented by Israel Land Administration describing the challenges faced in providing land management and infrastructure to the Bedouins in Israel's southern Negev region