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Arachnis (plant)

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The genus Arachnis, abbreviated as Arach in horticultural trade, (common name scorpion orchid,[2][3]) is a member of the orchid family (Orchidaceae), consisting of more than 20 species native to China, India, Southeast Asia, Indonesia, the Philippines, New Guinea, and the Solomon Islands.[4][5]

Arachnis
Inflorescence detail of Arachnis longisepala
Flowering Arachnis labrosa specimen
Scientific classification Edit this classification
Kingdom: Plantae
Clade: Tracheophytes
Clade: Angiosperms
Clade: Monocots
Order: Asparagales
Family: Orchidaceae
Subfamily: Epidendroideae
Tribe: Vandeae
Subtribe: Aeridinae
Genus: Arachnis
Blume
Type species
Arachnis flos-aeris
(L.) Rchb.f.
Synonyms[1]

Description

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Vegetative characteristics

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The appearance of the monopodial, epiphytic herbs of the genus Arachnis is characterized by distichously arranged, linear leaves.[6] The vining plants may grow into a dense thicket.[7] Arachnis does not produce pseudobulbs.[8]

Generative characteristics

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The flowers are thought to resemble spiders,[8] and they are fragrant.[6][8] The fragrance has been described as musky.[8]

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    Arachnis labrosa growing epiphytically on a tree
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    Detail of Arachnis labrosa flower
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    Botanical illustration of Arachnis clarkei
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    Detail of Arachnis cathcartii flower
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    Detail of Arachnis flos-aeris flower
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    Botanical illustration of Arachnis annamensis

Etymology

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The generic epithet Arachnis is derived from the Greek word arachne for spider.[9]

Ecology

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Habitat

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Arachnis senapatiana has been found growing in subtropical broad-leaved forests at elevations of 1747 m above sea level.[6]

Flowering

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Arachnis senapatiana is known to flower in June.[6]

Taxonomy

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Accepted species

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There are currently 16 accepted species, including one natural hybrid:[1]

Species formerly placed in Arachnis

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  • Arachnis beccarii Rchb.f. is now considered to be Dimorphorchis beccarii (Rchb.f.) Kocyan & Schuit.[10]
  • Arachnis breviscapa (J.J.Sm.) J.J.Sm. is now considered to be Dimorphorchis breviscapa (J.J.Sm.) Kocyan & Schuit.[11]
  • Arachnis celebica (Schltr.) J.J.Sm. is now considered to be Dimorphorchis celebica (Schltr.) Ormerod[12]
  • Arachnis imthurnii (Rolfe) L.O.Williams is now considered to be Dimorphorchis beccarii var. imthurnii (Rolfe) Kocyan & Schuit.[13]
  • Arachnis longicaulis (Schltr.) L.O.Williams is now considered to be Dimorphorchis breviscapa (J.J.Sm.) Kocyan & Schuit.[11]
  • Arachnis lowii (Lindl.) Rchb.f. is now considered to be Dimorphorchis lowii (Lindl.) Rolfe[14]
  • Arachnis lyonii Ames is now considered to be Dimorphorchis lyonii (Ames) Ormerod[15]
  • Arachnis muelleri (Kraenzl.) J.J.Sm. is now considered to be Dimorphorchis beccarii var. beccarii[16]
  • Arachnis philippinensis (Lindl.) Ames is now considered to be Trichoglottis philippinensis Lindl.[17]
  • Arachnis rohaniana (Rchb.f.) Rchb.f. is now considered to be Dimorphorchis rohaniana (Rchb.f.) P.J.Cribb[18]
  • Arachnis beccarii var. imthurnii (Rolfe) K.W.Tan is now considered to be Dimorphorchis beccarii var. imthurnii (Rolfe) Kocyan & Schuit.[19]
  • Arachnis longicaulis f. flavescens Valmayor & D.Tiu is now considered to be Dimorphorchis breviscapa (J.J.Sm.) Kocyan & Schuit.[11]

Conservation

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Arachnis has become extinct in Nansei-shoto.[1]

Horticulture

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It can be cultivated under warm and moist conditions growing in pots, baskets, or mounted on slabs.[7]

References

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  1. ^ a b c "Arachnis Blume". Plants of the World Online. Royal Botanic Gardens, Kew. Retrieved 6 January 2022.
  2. ^ Beard, James Daniel (2015). "A Translator's Vietnamese English Dictionary of Plant Names" (PDF). monash.edu.au. Archived from the original (PDF) on 21 December 2016. Retrieved 17 December 2016.
  3. ^ Yearron, Sydney H. "Scientific or Latin Names to English Common Name" (PDF). The Canadian Orchid Congress. Retrieved 21 December 2016.
  4. ^ Kew World Checklist of Selected Plant Families
  5. ^ Flora of China, v25 p 465, 蜘蛛兰属 zhi zhu lan shu , Arachnis
  6. ^ a b c d Jakha, H. Y., Deb, C. R., Dey, S., & Jamir, N. S. (2014). "Arachnis senapatiana (Phukan & AA Mao) Kocyan & Schuiteman (Orchidaceae): an addition to the flora of Nagaland, India." Pleione, 8(2), 516-518.
  7. ^ a b Rach, N. (n.d.). Arachnis  Blume 1825. American Orchid Society. Retrieved January 6, 2023, from https://www.aos.org/orchids/orchids-a-to-z/letter-a/arachnis.aspx
  8. ^ a b c d Tan, K. W. (1974). "Taxonomy of Arachnis, Armodorum, Esmeralda and Dimorphorchis (Orchidaceae)." University of Miami.
  9. ^ Teoh, E.S. (2021). Arachnis Bl.. In: Orchid Species from Himalaya and Southeast Asia Vol. 1 (A - E). Springer, Cham. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-030-58872-4_15
  10. ^ "Dimorphorchis beccarii (Rchb.f.) Kocyan & Schuit". Plants of the World Online. Royal Botanic Gardens, Kew. Retrieved 6 January 2022.
  11. ^ a b c "Dimorphorchis breviscapa (J.J.Sm.) Kocyan & Schuit". Plants of the World Online. Royal Botanic Gardens, Kew. Retrieved 6 January 2022.
  12. ^ "Dimorphorchis celebica (Schltr.) Ormerod". Plants of the World Online. Royal Botanic Gardens, Kew. Retrieved 6 January 2022.
  13. ^ "Dimorphorchis beccarii var. imthurnii (Rolfe) Kocyan & Schuit". Plants of the World Online. Royal Botanic Gardens, Kew. Retrieved 6 January 2022.
  14. ^ "Dimorphorchis lowii (Lindl.) Rolfe". Plants of the World Online. Royal Botanic Gardens, Kew. Retrieved 6 January 2022.
  15. ^ "Dimorphorchis lyonii (Ames) Ormerod". Plants of the World Online. Royal Botanic Gardens, Kew. Retrieved 6 January 2022.
  16. ^ "Dimorphorchis beccarii var. beccarii". Plants of the World Online. Royal Botanic Gardens, Kew. Retrieved 6 January 2022.
  17. ^ "Trichoglottis philippinensis Lindl". Plants of the World Online. Royal Botanic Gardens, Kew. Retrieved 6 January 2022.
  18. ^ "Dimorphorchis rohaniana (Rchb.f.) P.J.Cribb". Plants of the World Online. Royal Botanic Gardens, Kew. Retrieved 6 January 2022.
  19. ^ "Dimorphorchis beccarii var. imthurnii (Rolfe) Kocyan & Schuit". Plants of the World Online. Royal Botanic Gardens, Kew. Retrieved 6 January 2022.
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