Archduchess Maria Theresa of Austria may refer to:
- Archduchess Maria Theresa of Austria (1684–1696)
- Archduchess Maria Theresa of Austria (1717–1780), Holy Roman Empress
- Archduchess Maria Theresa of Austria (1762–1770)
- Archduchess Maria Theresa of Austria (1767–1827), Saxon queen consort
- Archduchess Maria Theresa of Austria (1801–1855), Queen consort of Sardinia
- Archduchess Maria Theresa of Austria (1816-1867), Queen Consort of the Two Sicilies
- Archduchess Maria Theresa of Austria (1862–1933)