Aryl hydrocarbon receptor nuclear translocator

The ARNT gene encodes the aryl hydrocarbon receptor nuclear translocator protein that forms a complex with ligand-bound aryl hydrocarbon receptor (AhR), and is required for receptor function. The encoded protein has also been identified as the beta subunit of a heterodimeric transcription factor, hypoxia-inducible factor 1 (HIF1). A t(1;12)(q21;p13) translocation, which results in a TEL–ARNT fusion protein, is associated with acute myeloblastic leukemia. Three alternatively spliced variants encoding different isoforms have been described for this gene.

ARNT
Available structures PDB Ortholog search: PDBe RCSB List of PDB id codes 4PKY, 1X0O, 2A24, 2B02, 2HV1, 2K7S, 3F1N, 3F1O, 3F1P, 3H7W, 3H82, 4EQ1, 4GHI, 4GS9, 4H6J, 4LPZ, 4XT2
Identifiers
Aliases	ARNT, HIF-1-beta, HIF-1beta, HIF1-beta, HIF1B, HIF1BETA, TANGO, bHLHe2, aryl hydrocarbon receptor nuclear translocator, Aryl hydrocarbon receptor nuclear translocator
External IDs	OMIM: 126110; MGI: 88071; HomoloGene: 1261; GeneCards: ARNT; OMA:ARNT - orthologs
Gene location (Human) Chr. Chromosome 1 (human) Band 1q21.3 Start 150,809,713 bp End 150,876,708 bp
Gene location (Mouse) Chr. Chromosome 3 (mouse) Band 3 F2.1|3 40.74 cM Start 95,341,699 bp End 95,404,551 bp
RNA expression pattern Bgee Human Mouse (ortholog) Top expressed in epithelium of colon Achilles tendon sural nerve canal of the cervix left ovary right ovary gastric mucosa stromal cell of endometrium ectocervix body of uterus Top expressed in ascending aorta aortic valve parotid gland muscle of thigh tongue cumulus cell molar atrium pineal gland external carotid artery More reference expression data BioGPS More reference expression data
Gene ontology Molecular function sequence-specific DNA binding DNA binding protein dimerization activity DNA-binding transcription factor activity transcription coactivator activity aryl hydrocarbon receptor binding transcription factor binding protein binding protein heterodimerization activity transcription factor activity, RNA polymerase II distal enhancer sequence-specific binding DNA-binding transcription factor activity, RNA polymerase II-specific protein homodimerization activity sequence-specific double-stranded DNA binding nuclear receptor activity Cellular component cytoplasm transcription regulator complex nucleoplasm RNA polymerase II transcription regulator complex nucleus nuclear body Biological process positive regulation of vascular endothelial growth factor receptor signaling pathway cell differentiation response to hypoxia regulation of transcription, DNA-templated positive regulation of endothelial cell proliferation regulation of transcription from RNA polymerase II promoter in response to oxidative stress positive regulation of erythrocyte differentiation embryonic placenta development mRNA transcription by RNA polymerase II positive regulation of protein sumoylation transcription, DNA-templated positive regulation of transcription, DNA-templated intracellular receptor signaling pathway regulation of transcription from RNA polymerase II promoter in response to hypoxia positive regulation of vascular endothelial growth factor production positive regulation of glycolytic process positive regulation of transcription by RNA polymerase II positive regulation of hormone biosynthetic process xenobiotic metabolic process Sources:Amigo / QuickGO
Orthologs Species Human Mouse Entrez 405 11863 Ensembl ENSG00000143437 ENSMUSG00000015522 UniProt P27540 P53762 RefSeq (mRNA) NM_001197325 NM_001286035 NM_001286036 NM_001668 NM_178426 NM_178427 NM_001350224 NM_001350225 NM_001350226 NM_001037737 NM_009709 RefSeq (protein) NP_001184254 NP_001272964 NP_001272965 NP_001659 NP_848514 NP_001337153 NP_001337154 NP_001337155 NP_001032826 NP_033839 Location (UCSC) Chr 1: 150.81 – 150.88 Mb Chr 3: 95.34 – 95.4 Mb PubMed search
Wikidata
View/Edit Human View/Edit Mouse

The aryl hydrocarbon receptor (AhR) is involved in the induction of several enzymes that participate in xenobiotic metabolism. The ligand-free, cytosolic form of the aryl hydrocarbon receptor is complexed to heat shock protein 90. Binding of ligand, which includes dioxin and polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons, results in translocation of the ligand-binding subunit only into the nucleus. Induction of enzymes involved in xenobiotic metabolism occurs through binding of the ligand-bound AhR to xenobiotic responsive elements in the promoters of genes for these enzymes.

Interactions

Aryl hydrocarbon receptor nuclear translocator has been shown to interact with:

• AIP,
• AHR,
• EPAS1,
• HIF1A,
• NCOA2,
• SIM1, and
• SIM2.

Further reading

• Haase VH (August 2006). "Hypoxia-inducible factors in the kidney". American Journal of Physiology. Renal Physiology. 291 (2): F271–F281. doi:10.1152/ajprenal.00071.2006. PMC 4232221. PMID 16554418.
• Reyes H, Reisz-Porszasz S, Hankinson O (May 1992). "Identification of the Ah receptor nuclear translocator protein (Arnt) as a component of the DNA binding form of the Ah receptor". Science. 256 (5060): 1193–1195. Bibcode:1992Sci...256.1193R. doi:10.1126/science.256.5060.1193. PMID 1317062. S2CID 34075046.
• Hoffman EC, Reyes H, Chu FF, Sander F, Conley LH, Brooks BA, et al. (May 1991). "Cloning of a factor required for activity of the Ah (dioxin) receptor". Science. 252 (5008): 954–958. Bibcode:1991Sci...252..954H. doi:10.1126/science.1852076. PMID 1852076.
• Yamaguchi Y, Kuo MT (October 1995). "Functional analysis of aryl hydrocarbon receptor nuclear translocator interactions with aryl hydrocarbon receptor in the yeast two-hybrid system". Biochemical Pharmacology. 50 (8): 1295–1302. doi:10.1016/0006-2952(95)02016-6. PMID 7488247.
• Wang GL, Jiang BH, Rue EA, Semenza GL (June 1995). "Hypoxia-inducible factor 1 is a basic-helix-loop-helix-PAS heterodimer regulated by cellular O2 tension". Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America. 92 (12): 5510–5514. Bibcode:1995PNAS...92.5510W. doi:10.1073/pnas.92.12.5510. PMC 41725. PMID 7539918.
• Lindebro MC, Poellinger L, Whitelaw ML (July 1995). "Protein-protein interaction via PAS domains: role of the PAS domain in positive and negative regulation of the bHLH/PAS dioxin receptor-Arnt transcription factor complex". The EMBO Journal. 14 (14): 3528–3539. doi:10.1002/j.1460-2075.1995.tb07359.x. PMC 394421. PMID 7628454.
• Abbott BD, Probst MR, Perdew GH (November 1994). "Immunohistochemical double-staining for Ah receptor and ARNT in human embryonic palatal shelves". Teratology. 50 (5): 361–366. doi:10.1002/tera.1420500507. PMID 7716743.
• Reisz-Porszasz S, Probst MR, Fukunaga BN, Hankinson O (September 1994). "Identification of functional domains of the aryl hydrocarbon receptor nuclear translocator protein (ARNT)". Molecular and Cellular Biology. 14 (9): 6075–6086. doi:10.1128/mcb.14.9.6075. PMC 359134. PMID 8065341.
• Maruyama K, Sugano S (January 1994). "Oligo-capping: a simple method to replace the cap structure of eukaryotic mRNAs with oligoribonucleotides". Gene. 138 (1–2): 171–174. doi:10.1016/0378-1119(94)90802-8. PMID 8125298.
• Johnson B, Brooks BA, Heinzmann C, Diep A, Mohandas T, Sparkes RS, et al. (September 1993). "The Ah receptor nuclear translocator gene (ARNT) is located on q21 of human chromosome 1 and on mouse chromosome 3 near Cf-3". Genomics. 17 (3): 592–598. doi:10.1006/geno.1993.1377. PMID 8244375.
• Whitelaw M, Pongratz I, Wilhelmsson A, Gustafsson JA, Poellinger L (April 1993). "Ligand-dependent recruitment of the Arnt coregulator determines DNA recognition by the dioxin receptor". Molecular and Cellular Biology. 13 (4): 2504–2514. doi:10.1128/MCB.13.4.2504. PMC 359572. PMID 8384309.
• Jiang BH, Rue E, Wang GL, Roe R, Semenza GL (July 1996). "Dimerization, DNA binding, and transactivation properties of hypoxia-inducible factor 1". The Journal of Biological Chemistry. 271 (30): 17771–17778. doi:10.1074/jbc.271.30.17771. PMID 8663540.
• Rowlands JC, McEwan IJ, Gustafsson JA (September 1996). "Trans-activation by the human aryl hydrocarbon receptor and aryl hydrocarbon receptor nuclear translocator proteins: direct interactions with basal transcription factors". Molecular Pharmacology. 50 (3): 538–548. PMID 8794892.
• Ema M, Morita M, Ikawa S, Tanaka M, Matsuda Y, Gotoh O, et al. (October 1996). "Two new members of the murine Sim gene family are transcriptional repressors and show different expression patterns during mouse embryogenesis". Molecular and Cellular Biology. 16 (10): 5865–5875. doi:10.1128/MCB.16.10.5865. PMC 231588. PMID 8927054.
• Swanson HI, Yang J (December 1996). "Mapping the protein/DNA contact sites of the Ah receptor and Ah receptor nuclear translocator". The Journal of Biological Chemistry. 271 (49): 31657–31665. doi:10.1074/jbc.271.49.31657. PMID 8940186.
• Probst MR, Fan CM, Tessier-Lavigne M, Hankinson O (February 1997). "Two murine homologs of the Drosophila single-minded protein that interact with the mouse aryl hydrocarbon receptor nuclear translocator protein". The Journal of Biological Chemistry. 272 (7): 4451–4457. doi:10.1074/jbc.272.7.4451. PMID 9020169.
• Hogenesch JB, Chan WK, Jackiw VH, Brown RC, Gu YZ, Pray-Grant M, et al. (March 1997). "Characterization of a subset of the basic-helix-loop-helix-PAS superfamily that interacts with components of the dioxin signaling pathway". The Journal of Biological Chemistry. 272 (13): 8581–8593. doi:10.1074/jbc.272.13.8581. PMID 9079689.
• Carver LA, Bradfield CA (April 1997). "Ligand-dependent interaction of the aryl hydrocarbon receptor with a novel immunophilin homolog in vivo". The Journal of Biological Chemistry. 272 (17): 11452–11456. doi:10.1074/jbc.272.17.11452. PMID 9111057.
• Ema M, Taya S, Yokotani N, Sogawa K, Matsuda Y, Fujii-Kuriyama Y (April 1997). "A novel bHLH-PAS factor with close sequence similarity to hypoxia-inducible factor 1alpha regulates the VEGF expression and is potentially involved in lung and vascular development". Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America. 94 (9): 4273–4278. Bibcode:1997PNAS...94.4273E. doi:10.1073/pnas.94.9.4273. PMC 20712. PMID 9113979.
• Moffett P, Reece M, Pelletier J (September 1997). "The murine Sim-2 gene product inhibits transcription by active repression and functional interference". Molecular and Cellular Biology. 17 (9): 4933–4947. doi:10.1128/mcb.17.9.4933. PMC 232345. PMID 9271372.

External links

• Aryl+Hydrocarbon+Receptor+Nuclear+Translocator at the U.S. National Library of Medicine Medical Subject Headings (MeSH)

This article incorporates text from the United States National Library of Medicine, which is in the public domain.