Asselineau (French pronunciation: [asəlino]) is a French surname. Notable people with the surname include:
- Charles Asselineau (1820-1874), French writer
- François Asselineau (born 1957), French politician and civil servant
- Frédéric Asselineau (born 1965), French ice hockey player
- Léon Auguste Asselineau (1808-1889), French painter
- Roger Asselineau (1915-2002), French scholar and writer