In Greek mythology, Asterius (Ancient Greek: Ἀστέριος, romanizedAstérios, lit.'starry') is a Giant (usually among the ones who took arms against the gods), the child of the deities Gaia (the Earth) and Uranus (the Sky) who fought and was killed by the goddess Athena.

Asterius
Asterius lies dead (on Ares's feet) on the northern frieze of the Siphnian Treasury, sixth century BC, Delphi Archaeological Museum, Greece.
In-universe information
AliasAstarias, Asterus, Aster
SpeciesGiant
GenderMale
Relatives
Killed byAthena
BattleGigantomachy

Name

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Asterius's name translates to 'starry',[1] and thus 'glitterer, bright'.[2] His name is also spelled Aster (Ancient Greek: Ἀστήρ, romanizedAstḗr, lit.'star'),[3] and another number of ways (see below). All variants derive from the word ἀστήρ, meaning 'star',[4] which is itself inherited from the Proto-Indo-European root *h₂ster- (“star”), from *h₂eh₁s-, "to burn".[5] Asterius' name thus shares an etymology with the names of Astraeus, Astraea, and Asteria.

Mythology

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A Giant opponent of Athena is depicted on the Siphnian Treasury, a sixth century BC marble depiction of the Gigantomachy from Delphi, labelled 'Astarias'.[6] Astarias lies dead on the ground near a male figure that has been identified as either Ares or Achilles, as Athena goes on to fight another Giant named Erictypus.[7]

In the epic poem Meropis, the Giant, here spelled as Asterus, is presented as an invulnerable warrior from the Aegean island of Kos, who battles Heracles during his fight against the Meropes, the Koan race of Giants;[3] Athena intervenes to save Heracles from demise and kills Asterus by flaying him.[8][9][10] This is paralleled in Apollodorus's account, who wrote that during the fight against the Giants, Athena flayed and killed Pallas, and then used his skin for her aegis.[11] Euripides, in his play Ion also mentions a Giant that Athena flayed during the Gigantomachy and then proceeded to wear his hide, but he names him Gorgon.[12]

Pausanias also tells of Asterius, a son of Anax who was the son of Earth (the goddess Gaia), buried on the island of Asterius, near the Island of Lade, off the coast of Miletus, having bones ten cubits in length.[13][14]

Culture

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Asterius's killing by Athena was celebrated by the Athenians during the Panathenaea, a festival in honour of Athena;[15][16][17] the Athenians claimed that the early inhabitants had set the festival up following the death of Asterius.[2] The victory of the gods over the Giants was woven on the robe of the Panathenaea, perhaps with special emphasis on Athena's killing of Asterius, or maybe Enceladus.[18]

See also

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References

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  1. ^ Liddell & Scott, s.v. ἀστέριος
  2. ^ a b Barber 1991, p. 381.
  3. ^ a b Robertson 2001, p. 42.
  4. ^ Liddell & Scott, s.v. ἀστήρ
  5. ^ Beekes 2009, pp. 156–57.
  6. ^ Brinkmann 1985, p. 128 n. 194.
  7. ^ "Delphi, Siphnian Treasury Frieze--North (Sculpture)". www.perseus.tufts.edu. Tufts University. Retrieved December 25, 2022.
  8. ^ Robertson 2001, pp. 43–44.
  9. ^ Yasumura 2013, pp. 50, 173 n. 44.
  10. ^ Janko 1992, pp. 191–192 (14.250–61).
  11. ^ Apollodorus, 1.6.2.
  12. ^ Euripides, Ion 987–997.
  13. ^ Pausanias, 1.35.6
  14. ^ Pausanias, 7.2.5
  15. ^ Parker 2006, p. 255.
  16. ^ Connelly 2014, p. 47.
  17. ^ Scheid, Svenbro & Volk 2001, pp. 18–19, 178 n. 48.
  18. ^ Parker 2011, p. 201.

Bibliography

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