Auberge de France (Maltese: Berġa ta' Franza) refers to two auberges in Valletta, Malta. They were both built in the 16th century to house knights of the Order of Saint John from the langue of France, which induced the entire Kingdom of France except for Auvergne and Provence which were separate langues.
| First Auberge de France | |
|---|---|
Berġa ta' Franza | |
 View of the first Auberge de France, in Valletta, in 2016 | |
 | |
| General information | |
| Status | Partially intact |
| Type | Auberge |
| Architectural style | Mannerist |
| Location | Valletta, Malta |
| Coordinates | 35°53′53.2″N 14°30′31.5″E / 35.898111°N 14.508750°E |
| Construction started | c. 1570 |
| Technical details | |
| Material | Limestone |
| Design and construction | |
| Architect(s) | Girolamo Cassar |
| Second Auberge de France | |
|---|---|
Berġa ta' Franza | |
 View of the second Auberge de France in the late 19th century | |
 | |
| General information | |
| Status | Destroyed |
| Type | Auberge |
| Architectural style | Mannerist |
| Location | Valletta, Malta |
| Coordinates | 35°53′52.1″N 14°30′34.2″E / 35.897806°N 14.509500°E |
| Construction started | c. 1588 |
| Destroyed | 8 April 1942 |
| Technical details | |
| Material | Limestone |
| Design and construction | |
| Architect(s) | Girolamo Cassar |
After 1570, the first auberge was constructed; it is still mostly intact. Built after 1588, the second, larger auberge was destroyed by aerial bombardment in 1942. The site of the latter is now occupied by the Workers' Memorial Building, which was constructed in the 1960s.
First auberge
edit
Following the transfer of the capital city of Malta from Birgu to Valletta, the langue of France had to move from its original auberge in Birgu to a new site in Valletta. The first French auberge in Valletta was built some time after 1570, on a site bounded by Old Mint Street, South Street, Scots Street and Windmill Street, and it was designed by the Maltese architect Girolamo Cassar.[1][2] It remained in use until the construction of the second auberge some time after 1588.[3]
The original auberge later temporary housed the German langue while Auberge d'Allemagne was undergoing repairs in 1604, and part of it was later leased to the Treasury to house the mint of the Order until 1788. Parts of this building, including most of the façade except for the main doorway, are still in existence.[3]
Second auberge
edit
By the 1580s, this first auberge was too small to house the langue of France, so on 2 April 1588 the French langue requested to transfer its headquarters to a plot on the corner of South Street and Old Bakery Street. This site was occupied by the house of Bali Fra Christopher le Bolver dit Montgauldry, which was eventually incorporated into the new auberge.[3] The second auberge is claimed to have been designed by Cassar,[1] but there are other claims that suggest it was by another architect.[2]
The second auberge continued to house the langue of France until 1798, when the Order left Malta due to the French occupation. It was subsequently used for a number of purposes, and by the 1830s, it was the residence of the Commissary General.[4] The building was included on the Antiquities List of 1925 together with the other auberges in Valletta.[5] At the time of its destruction, the auberge was the headquarters of the Department of Education.[6]
On 8 April 1942, during World War II, Auberge de France was hit by a German heavy-calibre bomb and it was completely destroyed.[6] The ruins were cleared after the war and the Workers' Memorial Building was erected in its place in the 1960s. This building houses the offices of the General Workers' Union.
The second Auberge de France was built in the Mannerist style, typical of its architect Girolamo Cassar. However, the building's layout differed from Cassar's usual design, since a pre-existing structure was integrated into the auberge. This resulted in an asymmetrical façade, with the main entrance being located to the right, and with its windows having a variety of designs and sizes. The auberge's courtyard was located at the rear of the building.[1]
A plaque on the Workers' Memorial Building describes the auberge as "one of the finest buildings of the Knights of St. John".
Further reading
edit- L'Albergia di Francia e la chiesa della Madonna di Liesse / G. Darmanin Demajo. ASM. 2(1931)2-3(Genn.-Giugno.57-75)
- Houses Of The French Knights In Valletta[permanent dead link].
- Valletta. p. 363.
- 1, 2 Triq Zekka Archived 16 November 2016 at the Wayback Machine and 3 Triq Zekka Archived 16 November 2016 at the Wayback Machine
References
edit- ^ a b c "The Auberge de France". Angelfire. Archived from the original on 1 March 2016.
- ^ a b Quentin Hughes. "DOCUMENTS ON THE BUILDING OF VALLETTA" (PDF). Um.edu.mt. Retrieved 29 June 2019.
- ^ a b c Denaro, Victor F. (1963). "Still more houses in Valletta" (PDF). Melita Historica. 3 (3): 42–58. Archived from the original (PDF) on 2 March 2016.
- ^ George Percy, Badger (1838). Description of Malta and Gozo. Malta: M. Weiss. p. 153.
- ^ "Protection of Antiquities Regulations 21st November, 1932 Government Notice 402 of 1932, as Amended by Government Notices 127 of 1935 and 338 of 1939". Malta Environment and Planning Authority. Archived from the original on 19 April 2016.
- ^ a b Luke, Harry (1960). Malta: An Account and an Appreciation. Harrap. p. 60.