Bäumer is a German surname. Notable people with the surname include:
- Gertrud Bäumer (1873–1954), German lawyer and politician
- Jens Bäumer (born 1978), German footballer
- Ludwig Bäumer (1888–1928), German writer and Communist activist
- Marie Bäumer (born 1969), German actress
- Paul Bäumer (1896–1927), German pilot