Ba (cuneiform)

The cuneiform sign ba, is a common-use sign of the Amarna letters, the Epic of Gilgamesh, and other cuneiform texts (for example Hittite texts).

Cuneiform ba.
(digitized form ba, and other meanings)

Amarna letter EA 15-(titled: "Assyria joins the International Scene").
A common Amarna letter that uses cuneiform ba.
(Third from last cuneiform sign, line 9.)

Linguistically, it has the alphabetical usage in texts for b, a, or syllabically for ba, and also a replacement for "b", by "p". The a is replaceable in word formation by any of the 4 vowels: a, e, i, or u.

Epic of Gilgamesh usage

The ba sign usage in the Epic of Gilgamesh is as follows: ba-(282 times); BA-(7).

References

• Moran, William L. 1987, 1992. The Amarna Letters. Johns Hopkins University Press, 1987, 1992. 393 pages.(softcover, ISBN 0-8018-6715-0)
• Parpola, 1971. The Standard Babylonian Epic of Gilgamesh, Parpola, Simo, Neo-Assyrian Text Corpus Project, c 1997, Tablet I thru Tablet XII, Index of Names, Sign List, and Glossary-(pp. 119–145), 165 pages.

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  line drawing, Obverse
  Amarna letter EA 15-(titled: "Assyria joins the International Scene").
  A common Amarna letter that uses cuneiform ba.
  (Third from last cuneiform sign, line 9.)
• 
  line drawing, Reverse