Baliospermum solanifolium

Baliospermum solanifolium
Scientific classification
Kingdom:	Plantae
Clade:	Tracheophytes
Clade:	Angiosperms
Clade:	Eudicots
Clade:	Rosids
Order:	Malpighiales
Family:	Euphorbiaceae
Genus:	Baliospermum
Species:	B. solanifolium
Binomial name
	Baliospermum solanifolium; (Burm.) Suresh
Synonyms
	Baliospermum angulare Decne. ex Baill. ; Baliospermum axillare var. dioicum Haines ; Baliospermum axillare Blume ; Baliospermum indicum Decne. ; Baliospermum montanum (Willd.) Müll.Arg. ; Baliospermum montanum var. dioicum (Haines) Haines ; Baliospermum montanum var. heterophyllum Gagnep. ; Baliospermum moritzianum Baill. ; Baliospermum pendulinum Pax ; Baliospermum polyandrum Wight, nom. superfl. ; Baliospermum raziana Keshaw, Murthy & Yogan. ; Croton polyandrus Roxb., nom. illeg. ; Croton roxburghii Wall. ; Croton solanifolius Burm. ; Jatropha montana Willd. ; Ricinus montanus (Willd.) Roxb. ex Benth. ;

Baliospermum solanifolium, synonym Baliospermum montanum, is a plant in the family Euphorbiaceae.^[1] It is commonly known as red physic nut, wild castor, wild croton or wild sultan seed.^{[citation needed]} It is a stout undershrub with numerous flowers.

Description

Baliospermum solanifolium is a stout under-shrub 0.9-1.8 m in height with herbaceous branches from the roots. Leaves are simple, sinuate-toothed, upper ones small, lower ones large and sometimes palmately 3-5 lobed. Flowers are numerous, arranged in axillary racemes with male flowers above and a few females below. Fruits are capsules, 8-13 mm long and obovoid. Seeds are ellipsoid smooth and mottled.^[2]^{[better source needed]}

Distribution

Baliospermum solanifolium is distributed from China to tropical Asia.^[1] It is found throughout the sub-Himalayan tracts from Khasi Hills to Kashmir. It is common in Bihar, West Bengal, and Peninsular and Central India.^{[citation needed]}

Phytochemistry

Compounds isolated from this plant include steroids, triterpenoids, diterpenes, glycosides, saponins, alkaloids, and polyphenols.^[3] The stems and leaves had the highest total phenolic content, which can be attributed to the existence of tannins in this plant.^[3]

References

^ ^a ^b ^c ^d "Baliospermum solanifolium (Burm.) Suresh". Plants of the World Online. Royal Botanic Gardens, Kew. Retrieved 2024-02-16.
^ Warrier, P. K., Nambiar, V. P. K. and Ramankutty, C. 1993-1995. Indian Medicinal Plants. Vol. 1-5. Orient Longman Ltd., Madras.
^ ^a ^b Johnson, M; Wesely, Eg; Zahir Hussain, Mi; Selvan, N (2010). "In vivo and in vitro phytochemical and antibacterial efficacy of Baliospermum montanum (Wïlld.) Muell. Arg". Asian Pacific Journal of Tropical Medicine. 3 (11): 894–897. doi:10.1016/S1995-7645(10)60215-5.

[POWO_945127-1-1] "Baliospermum solanifolium (Burm.) Suresh". Plants of the World Online. Royal Botanic Gardens, Kew. Retrieved 2024-02-16.

[2] Warrier, P. K., Nambiar, V. P. K. and Ramankutty, C. 1993-1995. Indian Medicinal Plants. Vol. 1-5. Orient Longman Ltd., Madras.

[Johnson-3] Johnson, M; Wesely, Eg; Zahir Hussain, Mi; Selvan, N (2010). "In vivo and in vitro phytochemical and antibacterial efficacy of Baliospermum montanum (Wïlld.) Muell. Arg". Asian Pacific Journal of Tropical Medicine. 3 (11): 894–897. doi:10.1016/S1995-7645(10)60215-5.

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