Cyril Flower, 1st Baron Battersea (30 August 1843 – 27 November 1907) was a British Liberal politician and patron of art.[1]
The Lord Battersea | |
|---|---|
_(cropped).jpg) Cyril Flower, early 1890s self-portrait | |
| Member of Parliament for Luton | |
| In office 1885–1892 | |
| Preceded by | New constituency |
| Succeeded by | Samuel Whitbread |
| Member of Parliament for Brecon | |
| In office 1880–1885 | |
| Preceded by | James Gwynne-Holford |
| Succeeded by | Constituency abolished |
| Personal details | |
| Born | Cyril Flower 30 August 1843 Tooting, London, England |
| Died | 27 November 1907 (aged 64) |
| Political party | Liberal |
| Spouse | |
Background and education
editFlower was the third of 18 children (the second of 12 sons) of Philip William Flower, of Furze Down, Streatham, Surrey, 10 by his first wife and first cousin Mary (daughter of Jonathan Flower) who died in 1857, and 8 by his second wife Elizabeth Jephson. Cyril was born in 1843 at Tooting in the 18th-century Hill House and later lived in Streatham, both of which were rural environs at the time. He was educated at Harrow and Trinity College, Cambridge, and was called to the Bar, Inner Temple, in 1870.[2] As well as exceptional good looks, it was said he possessed a genius for friendship,[3] and an 'irresistible charm' that made everyone 'want to pet him'.[4]
His father and uncle had earlier established a successful merchant house in Sydney, Australia. In 1838, the pair had sailed to Australia in order to establish themselves as merchants in Sydney. In 1842 the partnership of Flower, Salting & Co was formed, shipping wool, tallow and gold to London. In 1842/3, Philip returned there, leaving his brother to oversee operations in Sydney. He then established the firm of P.W. Flower and Co., and his property included Collier's Quay and other London wharves. From 1867, and with other partners, Philip began developing part of the newly laid out Victoria Street in Westminster. St. Philips Square was named by Philip Flower as was St. Philip's Church in its centre, which was consecrated in July 1870.
Property development
editLike his father, Flower also became involved in property development, and assisted his brother Arthur with the development of Battersea's Park Town after the death of his father in 1872. James Knowles, Junior, was engaged as architect and surveyor for the Park Town development, a lozenge-shaped estate running either side of Queens Road (now Queenstown Road) which extended from Battersea Park Road to Wandsworth Road. He also developed the mansion blocks lining the south side of Prince of Wales Drive.
In 1888 Flower and his wife acquired two cottages at Overstrand for the purposes of creating a holiday home. In 1897 their architect, Edwin Lutyens, rebuilt and joined them to form a large mansion in extensive gardens, The Pleasaunce.[5]
Political career
edit
Aided by his wife's fortune, in 1880 Flower entered Parliament for Brecon, a seat he held until 1885 when the constituency was abolished, and then represented Luton until 1892. He served briefly as a Junior Lord of the Treasury from February to July 1886 in the third Liberal administration of William Ewart Gladstone. He was widely referred to as "the most handsome man in the House of Commons",[6] and was a great favourite of Gladstone[7] who, in 1892, raised him to the peerage as Baron Battersea of Battersea in the County of London and of Overstrand in the County of Norfolk.[8] He took the motto Flores curat Deus ("God cares for the flowers").[9] In 1893 Battersea was offered the governorship of New South Wales. However he sacrificially turned it down due to the separation it would have imposed on Lady Battersea from her mother, who also enjoyed his company.[10]
He was president of the National Education Association as late as 1902, when the association was heavily involved in debating the Education Bill.[11]
Patron of the arts
editApart from his property development and political career he was also a great collector and patron of art. He was a patron of James McNeill Whistler and was involved with the Pre-Raphaelite set. His bedroom in his London residence was one of the few interiors completed by Carlo Bugatti.[12]]
Personal life
editIn 1877 Battersea married Constance, daughter of Sir Anthony de Rothschild, whom he met in 1864 through his friendship with her cousin, Leopold de Rothschild.[13] The marriage was childless. Battersea favoured men: a close friend and possible lover was the psychical researcher Frederic W. H. Myers.[4] Other friends included Henry James and Sir Edward Burne-Jones. There are indications that Lady Battersea disapproved of some of his friends,[14] and in her memoirs she cautiously comments that she had intuitively felt that "some of the very ardent and sudden likings he occasionally took to certain persons might lead to misplaced friendship".[13]
Battersea maintained a broad range of other interests, as a politician, art collector, sportsman, and photographer, and had a love for decoration and had a love for bright colour, both in his houses and on his person. At Overstrand he was described as appearing "a gorgeous vision of pale blue, sea-green, or rose-coloured silk".[15] Wrote another: "He is a handsome man, but at times affects costumes which would make him more at home in the pages of Ouida than in scenes of ordinary life."[7]
In 1902, Battersea was involved in a homosexual scandal.[16] Although ringleader in the case, in which two procurers were imprisoned, he was secretly granted immunity from prosecution by the Government of Arthur Balfour.[17][18]
Lord and Lady Battersea were noted for their philanthropy towards the working class, and following her husband's enforced retirement, Lady Battersea devoted most of her time and vast wealth to improving the living conditions of female prisoners; her work was recognised by her appointment by the Government to a prison board.[19]
Battersea died from pneumonia in November 1907, aged 64, when the barony became extinct.
Lady Battersea's memoirs make plain her admiration for her husband, her enjoyment of his career, and their mutual interests, but also her frustrations. Lady Battersea died in November 1931.
Notes
edit- ^ The Pleasaunce history Archived 30 August 2008 at the Wayback Machine Retrieved 9 July 2012
- ^ "Flower, Cyril (post Baron Battersea) (FLWR863CB)". A Cambridge Alumni Database. University of Cambridge.
- ^ Battersea, Constance de Rothschild Flower Reminiscences, Macmillan and Co, 1922 p178; https://archive.org/details/reminiscences00battgoog
- ^ a b Hamilton, Trevor (2009). Immortal Longings: FWH Myers and the Victorian Search for Life After Death. Imprint Academic. pp. 23, 181, 184.
- ^ "The Pleasaunce, Overstrand". Historic England.
- ^ Waller, David The Magnificent Mrs. Tennant: The Adventurous Life of Gertrude Tennant,Yale University Press, 2009, p253
- ^ a b People in the Public Eye, Weekly Mail, 21 May 1904; http://newspapers.library.wales/view/3376851/3376855/96/
- ^ "No. 26323". The London Gazette. 6 September 1892. p. 5090.
- ^ English Family Mottos, Evening Star (Washington DC), 24 October 1902
- ^ Battersea, Constance de Rothschild Flower Reminiscences, Macmillan and Co, 1922 p826; https://archive.org/details/reminiscences00battgoog
- ^ "The Education Bill". The Times. No. 36872. London. 13 September 1902. p. 6.
- ^ "Desk ca. 1902 – Carlo Bugatti". The Metropolitan Museum of Art. Retrieved 7 November 2019.
- ^ a b Battersea, Constance de Rothschild Flower Reminiscences, Macmillan and Co, 1922; https://archive.org/details/reminiscences00battgoog
- ^ Wilson, Derek A. Rothschild: A Story of Wealth and Power, André Deutsch, London 1988. (Revised edition 1994) p265
- ^ Lord Battersea, South Wales Daily News, 6 December 1898; http://newspapers.library.wales/view/3741633/3741636/11/
- ^ Ridley, Jane Edwin Lutyens: His Life, His Wife, His Work, Pimlico, 2003, p102
- ^ Jordaan, Peter (2022). A Secret Between Gentlemen: Lord Battersea's hidden scandal and the lives it changed forever. Alchemie Books. ISBN 9780648801924., p217.
- ^ "A sensational gay scandal covered up by a Tory government". 6 February 2023.
- ^ Letter of the Marquise de Fontenoy (pseud. Marguerite Cunliffe-Owen), Chicago Tribune 4 Dec. 1907;http://archives.chicagotribune.com/1907/12/04/page/8/article/marquise-de-fontenoy
References
edit- Hesilrige, Arthur G. M. (1921). Debrett's Peerage and Titles of courtesy. London: London: Dean & son, limited. p. 98.
- Jordaan, Peter (2023). A Secret Between Gentlemen: Lord Battersea's hidden scandal and the lives it changed forever. Alchemie Books. ISBN 9780648801924.
- Stibbons, Peter and Cleveland, David Cleveland (2nd ed, 1985). Strands of Norfolk History, Poppyland Publishing.[page needed]
- Metcalf, Priscilla (1978). "The Park Town Estate and the Battersea Tangle", London Topographical Society Publication, (No 121).[page needed]