In the Battle of Butaiha (or the Battle of Putaha) in July 1158, a Crusader army led by King Baldwin III of Jerusalem won a victory against the forces of Nur ad-Din Zengi, the emir of Aleppo and Damascus on the plains of Butaiha located in the northeast part of modern-day Israel. At the time of the battle, the area belonged to the Kingdom of Jerusalem.
| Battle of Butaiha | |||||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Part of the Crusades | |||||||
.jpg) Battle of Putaha (engraving by E. Lechard, c. 1838, original painting by Éloi Firmin Féron) | |||||||
| |||||||
| Belligerents | |||||||
 Kingdom of Jerusalem.svg){kind=small} Knights Hospitaller | Zengids | ||||||
| Commanders and leaders | |||||||
|
Baldwin III of Jerusalem Thierry, Count of Flanders | Nur ad-Din Zangi | ||||||
| Strength | |||||||
| Unknown | Unknown | ||||||
| Casualties and losses | |||||||
| Unknown | Unknown but serious | ||||||
Background
editIn 1154, Nur ad-Din achieved his goal of seizing Damascus and welding Syria into a Zengid empire. Instead of confronting a group of Muslim emirates and being able to play them off against one another, the Crusader states (Kingdom of Jerusalem, County of Tripoli and Principality of Antioch) faced a unified threat to their existence.
Each year, the Damascenes pastured large flocks in the area of Banias on the Franks' territory, whose permission they had secured. In February 1157, Baldwin unwisely attacked them, seizing the animals to pay his kingdom's debts. This act of aggression violated a truce. Infuriated, Nur ad-Din immediately began launching raids on the Franks in the vicinity and, in the battle of Lake Huleh in June 1157, defeated the Crusaders' army.[1]
Battle
editThe next larger clash of the war occurred on 15 July 1158 on the plains near the village of Butaiha, northeast of Lake Tiberias. An army led by Baldwin and Thiery of Alsace, Count of Flanders, defeated the forces of Nur ad-Din[2] during their raid on the border within the Zengid territory. The Knights Hospitallers also present in the battle,[3][4] as the defenders of the Lordship of Oultrejordain. Medieval sources claim that around six thousand Muslim warriors had fallen,[5] but this estimate is probably exaggerated. The decisive victory of Baldwin was also celebrated as one of the most important military successes of Christian forces since the Siege of Jerusalem in 1099.
Aftermath
editNumerous fights followed in the next years. In 1160 or 1161, Raynald of Châtillon was captured and held in captivity until 1176. Both sides then clashed again on a larger scale during the Battle of al-Buqaia in 1163, which was victorious for the Crusaders.
In art
editEvent is pictured on the large-scale painting by French artist Éloi Firmin Féron (1802–1876), named The Battle of Putaha on July 15, 1159, between King Baldwin III of Jerusalem and Emir Nur ad-Din, while incorrectly dated to the year after. The work is exhibited in the Salle des Croisades in the Palace of Versailles.[6]
References
edit- ^ Oldenbourg, p 349
- ^ Encyclopaedia Britannica. Encyclopaedia Britannica. 1973. ISBN 978-0-85229-173-3.
- ^ Vertot, Rene A. (1757). The History of the Knights Hospitallers of St. John of Jerusalem. AMS Press. ISBN 978-0-404-17040-0.
- ^ The Freemason and Masonic Illustrated. A Weekly Record of Progress in Freemasonry. 1869.
- ^ Sutherland, Alexander (1846). Achievements of the Knights of Malta. Carey & Hart.
- ^ A New Guide to the Museum, Palace and Gardens of Versailles... Klefer printer. 1847.
Bibliography
edit- Ehrlich, Michael. 2019. "The Battle of ʿAin al-Mallaha, 19 June 1157". Journal of Military History 83(1): 31–42.
- Oldenbourg, Zoé. The Cruasades. New York: Pantheon Books, 1966.