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The Battle of Ibiza (Norwegian: Slaget ved Ibiza), also known as The Raid on Ibiza, was a part of a military campaign against the Muslims of the Balearic Islands.[1][pages needed] Islamic scholars have referred to the Norwegian raids in the region as part of a larger history of Islamic Spain.[2] After winning a battle at the island of Formentera, Sigurd would go on to attack the islands of Ibiza, which is only separated from Formentera by a narrow channel.[2]
| Battle of Ibiza (1109) | |||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Part of the Norwegian Crusade and the Reconquista | |||||
 11th/12th century map of the islands Ibiza and Formentera | |||||
| |||||
| Belligerents | |||||
 Kingdom of Norway | Barbary Pirates of Ibiza | ||||
| Commanders and leaders | |||||
|
Sigurd I of Norway | |||||
| Casualties and losses | |||||
| Minor | Major | ||||
Battle
editThe battle was a raid by the crusader army from Norway against the pirates of Ibiza. The battle is described in the sagas as Sigurd the Crusader's seventh victory against the "heathens" (i.e. Muslims).[2] A description of the battle was given by the skald Halldorr Skvaldri.[3]
Much adored came a distinguished one
Of a murder-wheel, steering a ship
Eager was the waker of fame
To end peace, to Ibiza.
— Halldorr Skvaldri
Aftermath
editAfter this, the Norwegian fleet continued their journey to the Holy Land via Menorca and Sicily before eventually reaching the Kingdom of Jerusalem, where they accompanied Baldwin I in the Siege of Sidon.[4] These battles on the Balearic Islands influenced the 1113–1115 Balearic Islands expedition, which saw crusaders dismantle Ibiza's defences and occupy the island for a short while before leaving the island that would be later reconquered by the Almoravid dynasty.[5]
References
edit- ^ Doxey 1996.
- ^ a b c Doxey 1996, pp. 146–148.
- ^ 2 Heimskringla, vol. 3, 246-7. vol. A, part 1, 487-8 and vol. B, part 1, 459-60.[full citation needed]
- ^ Hjardar, Kim (11 April 2022). "Sigurd Jorsalfares korstog". Store norske leksikon (in Norwegian).
- ^ Doxey 1996, p. 151.
Bibliography
edit- Doxey, Gary B. (Spring 1996). "Norwegian Crusaders and the Balearic Islands". Scandinavian Studies. 68 (2): 139–160. JSTOR 40919854.
- Isaksen, Trond Norén (2018). Korsfareren - Sigurd Jorsalfare og hans verden. Historie & Kultur. ISBN 9788283230222.
- Morten, Øystein (2014). Jakten på Sigurd Jorsalfare. Spartacus. ISBN 9788243008441.