Battle of Kaniv (Russian: Каневское сражение, romanized: Kanevskoe srazhenie), was a battle during the summer campaign in the left-bank of Ukraine of Yuri Khmelnitsky, between the Cossack-Polish troops and the Russian-Cossack army led by Yakim Somko and Grigory Romodanovsky. The battle ended with a crushing defeat for Yuri Khmelnitsky and the hetman's retreat to right-bank Ukraine.[6]
| Battle of Kaniv | |||||||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Part of Russo-Polish War (1654-1667) | |||||||||
 | |||||||||
| |||||||||
| Belligerents | |||||||||
 Polish-Lithuanian Commonwealth [Note 1] Cossack hetmanate.svg){kind=small} Crimean Khanate[1] |
.svg){kind=small} Russia Cossack hetmanate | ||||||||
| Commanders and leaders | |||||||||
|
Yuri Khmelnitsky |
Grigory Romodanovsky Yakim Somko[3] | ||||||||
| Strength | |||||||||
| 20,000 | 10,000 to 28,000 | ||||||||
| Casualties and losses | |||||||||
|
6,000 Cossacks 2,000 Polish soldiers Total: 8,000 dead and 74 captured[4] 117 banners | 200–300 soldiers[5] | ||||||||
It was this defeat that began to raise doubts about Yuri in the Cossacks and as a result, in January 1663, he was overthrown.[6]
Background
editAfter defeat of the Russians at Chudnov and the betrayal of the Russian Tsardom by Yuri Khmelnitsky, Left-bank Ukraine with Yakim Soma was for Russia, right-bank Ukraine led by Yuri Khmelnitsky was a supporter of the Polish-Lithuanian Commonwealth.[7]
During the summer campaign of 1662 of Yuri Khmelnitsky, the Ukrainian hetman was defeated in the Sieges of Pereyaslavl[1] and subsequently retreated to Kanev, where a battle took place between the tsar's troops and the hetman's army[8]
The forces of the parties
editThe size of the Allied army is fairly well known, taking into account the losses they suffered at Pereyaslavl: 14,000 Cossacks, 4,000 polish and 2,000 Crimean tatars, In addition, they had 24 guns, this large group took up strong defensive positions along the Dnieper.[9]
The exact strength of the Cossack loyalists and Russians cannot be established due to the lack of documents regarding the Cossack group. Russian Russian Yuri Khmelnitsky estimates the strength of the Russians in a letter to Jan Kazimir at 55,000 people, but this position has been criticized, the total number of Russians directly: 14,500 people.[10]
To this should be added the regiment of Reitar, numbering 3,000 and Cossacks, numbering about 10,500. The total number of troops is estimated from 10,000[11] to 28,000.[12]
Battle
editAfter retreating from Pereslavl, Yuri Khmelnitsky dug in against enemy and began to wait for the attack. Romodanovsky joined Somko's Cossacks and together they set off along the Cossack hetman's retreat route. A surprise attack on the Cossack ranks failed, Khmelnitsky's cavalry retreated to the convoy without a fight. After this, 2,000 Tatar cavalry deserted and «went back to their lands». Yuri moved his cavalry against the Russians, and Somko did the same, He personally moved in the vanguard of the Russian-Cossack army. Then the Russian cavalry attacked. It was the attack of the Russian reiters and spearmen that became decisive; the hetman's army scattered and began to flee, while Yuri himself escaped through a nearby forest.[13]
Aftermath
editAs a result of the battle, The Allied army suffered a crushing defeat, the Russians took and angered Cherkassy.[14] The battle revealed the obvious weakness of the Cossack army and opened the way for the Russians to the right-bank Ukraine. Ukrainians lost 6,000 killed, captured and drowned, which bypassed even the Battle of Konotop. The Russians took 117 banners and 22 cannons, which is equivalent to the trophies of the Poles at Chudnov. [4]
Memory
editSoon after the end of the Russo-Polish War, the Battle of Kanev was forgotten. This was due to the fact that the opponents of the Russian army were the Cossacks of Right-Bank Ukraine, who fought on the side of the Polish king, and the informal taboo on studying the history of conflicts between Russians and Ukrainians that existed during the imperial and Soviet periods.[15]
Solovyov briefly notes this battles in his work "History of Russia from Ancient Times" in Volume 11 Chapter 2:[16]
...And on July 16 attacked Khmelnitsky's camps, who suffered a complete defeat. Kanev and Cherkassy were occupied by the tsar's troops.
Notes
edit- ^ According to the Chronicle of Samiilo Velychko,King Casmir sent both Polish and German soldiers.
Reference
edit- ^ a b Yavornitsky 1897, p. 317.
- ^ Karlgalov 2005, p. 251.
- ^ Kostomarov 1867, p. 125-126.
- ^ a b Babulin 2015, p. 4.
- ^ Babulin 2015, p. 54.
- ^ a b Perrie 2006, p. 505.
- ^ Babulin 2015, pp. 4–6.
- ^ Babulin 2015, pp. 23–38.
- ^ Babulin 2015, p. 39.
- ^ Babulin 2015, pp. 39–40.
- ^ Davies 2007, p. 141.
- ^ Babulin 2015, p. 41.
- ^ Babulin 2015, pp. 43–45.
- ^ Malov 2006, p. 41.
- ^ Babulin 2015, p. 79.
- ^ Solovyov 1879, p. V11 C2.
Bibliography
edit- Babulin, Igor (2015). Каневская битва 16 июля 1662 года [Battle of Kanev, July 16, 1662] (in Russian). Moscow. ISBN 978-5-9906036-5-3.
{{cite book}}: CS1 maint: location missing publisher (link) - Malov, A. (2006). Русско-Польская война 1654-1667 гг. [Russo-Polish War 1654-1667] (in Russian). Цейхгауз. ISBN 5-94038-111-1.
- Perrie, Maurren (2006). The Cambridge history of Russia. Volume 1: From early Rus' to 1689. Cambridge university Press. ISBN 0-521-81227-5.
- Davies, Brian (2007). Warfare, State and Society on the Black Sea steppe, 1500—1700. Taylor & Francis Group. ISBN 0-203-96176-5.
- Solovyov, Sergey (1879). История России с древнейших времён [History of Russia from Ancient Times] (in Russian). ISBN 9785170960903.
- Karlgalov, Vadim (2005). Русские воеводы: XVI—XVII вв [Russian governors: XVI-XVII centuries] (in Russian). ISBN 5-9533-0813-2.
- Kostomarov, Mykola (1867). Акты, относящиеся к истории Южной и Западной России, собранные и изданные Археографической комиссией. Т. 5 : 1659-1665 [Acts relating to the history of Southern and Western Russia, collected and published by the Archaeographic Commission .Volume. 5: 1659-1665] (in Russian). Saint Petersburg.
{{cite book}}: CS1 maint: location missing publisher (link) - Yavornitsky, Dmytro (1897). История запорожских казаков. Том 2 [History of the Zaporozhian Cossacks. Volume 2] (in Russian). ISBN 9783963136863.