The Battle of Mont-Cenis (in Italian: Battaglia del Moncenisio), codenamed Operation Izard (in French: Opération Izard), was a battle fought over Mont-Cenis between Italian and French forces that started on 5 April 1945, as part of the Second Battle of the Alps.
| Battle of Mont-Cenis (Operation Izard) | |||||||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Part of Second Battle of the Alps | |||||||||
 Column of L3/33 tanks of the 1st Tank Infantry Regiment on the Mont-Cenis plain. | |||||||||
| |||||||||
| Belligerents | |||||||||
 Italian Social RepublicSupported by:  Germany (7–12 April) |
 France | ||||||||
| Commanders and leaders | |||||||||
|
Edoardo Sala[1] |
Alain Le Ray | ||||||||
| Units involved | |||||||||
|
1× Paratroopers battalion Gebirgsjäger |
 27th Alpine Brigade 1st Free French Division | ||||||||
| Strength | |||||||||
| 1,500 men | 3,000 men | ||||||||
| Casualties and losses | |||||||||
| Unknown |
61 killed[2] | ||||||||
Battle
editThe attack on Mont-Cenis was carried out by the 3,000 men of the 7th Half-brigade of Chasseurs Alpins belonging to the 27th Alpine Brigade, led by Colonel Alain Le Ray, reinforced by two batteries of heavy artillery from the 1st Free French Division. The position was defended by a battalion of the 5th Gebirgsjäger Division and another battalion from the Paratroopers Regiment "Folgore" supported by German artillery: in total 1,500 men.[3]
The operation opened with an attack on the German observation post at the Pointe de Bellecombe (2750m), which was reached after a 600m night climb in difficult weather. The post was destroyed, but a counter-attack forced the Chasseurs off the feature later the same day. The main objective for the French was the old fort at Mont-Froid which commanded the surrounding areas. After gaining a foothold in the fort on the 5 April, French forces finally captured it after several days of confused fighting at close quarters. However, an attack against the Fort de la Turra was a failure, and the offensive stalled when the heavy artillery units were withdrawn for the operation against the Authion massif. On the 12 April a perfectly executed counter-attack by the Gebirgsjäger and the troops of the "Folgore" recaptured the fort and evicted the French from the Mont-Cenis plateau.[4] During the operation, the french lost 61 men.[2]
Aftermath
editThe failure of Operation Izard had severe consequences for Doyen's force as it persuaded the Americans to withhold further supplies for the offensive. The Mont-Cenis pass was captured only on the 27 April after Axis forces had retreated from the area.[5][2]
References
edit- ^ Rassegna Stampa-Barbadillo-Al Comandante Sala-Folgore RSI-L'Onore Delle Armi Dagli Anglo Americani (Page in Italian)
- ^ a b c Demouzon, Laurent. "Bataille des Alpes: Maurienne". Retrieved 2018-11-13.
- ^ Ring 2014.
- ^ "La Campagne des Alpes 1944-45". Musée Militaire de Lyon et de la région Rhône-Alpes. 2011-04-25. Archived from the original on 2015-12-08. Retrieved 2018-11-14.
- ^ Riccioli 1996.
Sources
edit- Riccioli, Jean-Louis (1996). "La deuxième bataille des Alpes : printemps 1945". Cahiers de la Méditerranée (in French). 52 (1): 93–118. doi:10.3406/camed.1996.1161. ISSN 0395-9317.
- Ring, Jim (2014). Storming the Eagle's Nest: Hitler's War in the Alps. Faber & Faber. ISBN 978-0571282395.