The Battle of Pine Bluff, also known as the Action at Pine Bluff, was an engagement fought on October 25, 1863, in Jefferson County, Arkansas during the American Civil War. The Post of Pine Bluff, a U.S. garrison commanded by Colonel Powell Clayton, successfully defended the town against attacks led by Confederate Brigadier-General John S. Marmaduke's cavalry division. Much of the fighting took place near Jefferson Court-House, which the Confederates tried unsuccessfully to set ablaze. The Union victory ensured Pine Bluff was occupied by U.S. forces until the end of the war.[1]
| Battle of Pine Bluff | |||||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Part of the American Civil War | |||||||
| |||||||
| Belligerents | |||||||
 United States (Union) |
 Confederate States | ||||||
| Commanders and leaders | |||||||
|
Powell Clayton |
 John S. Marmaduke | ||||||
| Units involved | |||||||
| Post of Pine Bluff | Marmaduke's Division | ||||||
| Strength | |||||||
|
550 cavalry and militia, 300 freedmen, 9 guns |
2,000 cavalry, 12 guns | ||||||
| Casualties and losses | |||||||
| 16 dead and 40 wounded or missing | 41 dead, wounded or missing | ||||||
  Pine Bluff Location in Arkansas | |||||||
Background
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After the capture of Little Rock on September 10, 1863, Union forces occupied several towns along the Arkansas. Confederate Brigadier-General John S. Marmaduke, commanding a cavalry division, decided to test their strength at Pine Bluff. On Sunday, October 25, Marmaduke attacked the Post of Pine Bluff, a U.S. garrison commanded by Colonel Powell Clayton of the 5th Kansas Cavalry.[1]
Battle
editAt 8 a.m., Marmaduke's 2,000 Confederate cavalry approached Pine Bluff from three sides. The 550 federal cavalrymen and Missouri militia, supported by 300 freedmen, barricaded the court-house square with cotton-bales and positioned the cannon to command the adjacent streets. Marmaduke's Division made several attacks upon the square, then attempted to set the county court-house on fire. They were unsuccessful and withdrew to Princeton, Arkansas.[1][2]
See also
editReferences
edit- ^ a b c The Conservation Fund (1998). Kennedy, Frances H. (ed.). The Civil War Battlefield Guide (2nd ed.). New York: Houghton Mifflin. p. 233. ISBN 0-395-74012-6. OCLC 917572471. OL 3494237W.
- ^ Banasik, Michael E., ed. (2000). "Appendix F: The Battle of Pine Bluff (October 25, 1863)". Reluctant Connoneer: The Diary of Robert T. McMahan of the Twenty-fifth Independent Ohio Light Artillery. Unwritten Chapters of the Civil War West of the River. Vol. II. Iowa City, Iowa: Camp Pope Bookshop. pp. 309–314. ISBN 1-929919-01-8. LCCN 00-105377. OCLC 45105391. OL 6798910M.
Further reading
edit- Christ, Mark K. (October 19, 2016). "Action at Pine Bluff". Encyclopedia of Arkansas. Little Rock: CALS. Retrieved September 3, 2021.
- Christ, Mark K. (2010). "Chapter 7: "The Federals Fought Like Devils": The Battle of Pine Bluff". In Urwin, Gregory J. W. (ed.). Civil War Arkansas, 1863: The Battle for a State. Campaigns & Commanders. Vol. 23. Norman: University of Oklahoma Press. pp. 224–244. ISBN 978-0-8061-4087-2. LCCN 2009017622. OCLC 320352031. OL 23218465M.
- Watts, J. Carter (n.d.). Battle of Pine Bluff, October 25, 1863. Pine Bluff: Jefferson County Historical Museum.
External links
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Media related to Battle of Pine Bluff at Wikimedia Commons- Battle of Pine Bluff at the Historical Marker Database
