The Battle of Romania in World War II comprised several operations in or around Romania in 1944, as part of the Eastern Front, in which the Soviet Army defeated Axis (German and Romanian) forces in the area, Romania changed sides, and Soviet and Romanian forces drove the Germans back into Hungary
| Battle of Romania | |||||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Part of World War II | |||||||
 Red Army offensives in 1943–1944. The Battle of Romania is covered by the blue area. | |||||||
| |||||||
| Belligerents | |||||||
 Soviet Union Romania (from the 23 August 1944 coup) |
 Germany Romania (till the 23 August 1944 coup) Hungary | ||||||
| Commanders and leaders | |||||||
|
Joseph Stalin Rodion Malinovsky Fyodor Tolbukhin Michael I |
Ion Antonescu  Johannes Friessner Maximilian Fretter-Pico | ||||||
| Units involved | |||||||
| Unknown. | Unknown. | ||||||
| Strength | |||||||
| 1,000,000+[1] | 1,000,000+[2] | ||||||
Soviet troops entered Romanian territory during the Uman–Botoșani offensive in March 1944, capturing several towns in northern Moldavia, including Botoșani.
According to historian David Glantz, the Soviet Union attempted to invade Romania during the spring of 1944, through the territory of present-day Moldova. Between 8 April and 6 June, the Soviet Army launched the first Jassy–Kishinev offensive, so named after two major cities Iași (Jassy) and Chișinău (Kishinev) in the area. A series of military engagements took place, with the objective of cutting off vital Axis defensive lines in Northern Romania, thus facilitating a subsequent advance by the Red Army into the entire Balkan region. Soviet forces failed to overcome German and Romanian defenses in the region. According to Glantz, the offensive operation ultimately failed, mainly due to the poor combat performance of Soviet troops and the effectiveness of German defensive preparations.[3]
The major attack of the Battle of Romania – the second Jassy–Kishinev offensive, between 20 August and 29 August – was a Soviet victory.[4] The German Sixth Army was encircled by the initial Soviet onslaught and was destroyed for the second time (the first time was at the Battle of Stalingrad).
On 23 August, King Michael of Romania led a coup d'état against Prime Minister Ion Antonescu; the new government surrendered to the Allies and declared war on Germany. Romanian historian Florin Constantiniu claims this shortened World War II in Europe by six months.[5]
The Axis front collapsed. In the north, the German Eighth Army retreated to Hungary with heavy losses. Elsewhere, many German forces were cut off and captured, such as the large security and anti-aircraft force posted at the Ploiești oil field. Other fragments of the German forces fled toward Hungary as best they could, fighting the Romanians and Soviet forces, which stormed through the Carpathian Mountains. (Several passes through the mountains were held by Romanian troops.)
The Soviet victory in Romania caused Bulgaria to withdraw from the Axis on 26 August, and allowed Soviet forces to invade it on 8 September.
By 24 September, nearly all of Romania was under Allied control.
References
edit- ^ "Г.Ф.Кривошеев (под редакцией). Россия и СССР в войнах XX века: Потери вооруженных сил".
- ^ Mark Axworthy, London: Arms and Armour, 1995, Third Axis, Fourth Ally: Romanian Armed Forces in the European War, 1941–1945, p. 145
- ^ Glantz, David M. (2007). Red Storm Over the Balkans: The Failed Soviet Invasion of Romania. University Press of Kansas. pp. 371–376. ISBN 978-0-7006-1465-3.
- ^ "United Center for Research and Training in History". Bulgarian Historical Review. Publishing House of the Bulgarian Academy of Sciences: 7. 1985.
- ^ (in Romanian) Constantiniu, Florin, O istorie sinceră a poporului român ("An Honest History of the Romanian People"), Ed. Univers Enciclopedic, București, 1997, ISBN 973-9243-07-X