Battle of Vila Velha

The Battle of Vila Velha or Battle of Vila Velha de Ródão took place in October 1762 when a British-Portuguese force led by John Burgoyne and Charles Lee surprised and recaptured the town of Vila Velha de Ródão from Spanish invaders during the Seven Years' War as part of the Spanish invasion of Portugal. Burgoyne, who took the Spanish base at Valencia de Alcántara two months earlier then marched against forces preparing to cross the River Tagus into Alentejo.

Battle of Vila Velha
Part of Spanish invasion of Portugal
A trooper of the 16th Light Dragoons, also known as Burgoyne's Light Horse.
Date 5 October 1762 Location Vila Velha de Ródão, Portugal 39.6500°N 7.6700°W / 39.6500; -7.6700 Result Anglo-Portuguese victory
Belligerents
Great Britain Kingdom of Portugal	Spain
Commanders and leaders
John Burgoyne Charles Lee	Unknown
Strength
200 line infantry 50 dragoons (Great Britain) 100 grenadiers (Portugal)	200 grenadiers 100 cavalry 8 guns
Casualties and losses
1 killed 10 wounded	100 killed or wounded 150 captured 6 guns captured 60 mules captured

Events

Background

On 3 October 1762 Count of Lippe in anticipation of a Spanish offensive across the Zêzere River against the Portuguese headquarters at Abrantes instructed George Townshend to march to the Beira Baixa country, marching along the left bank of the Zêzere river, to make a junction with Lord George Lennox's forces and to threaten the Spanish lines of communication with Almeida and Ciudad Rodrigo by advancing on Belmonte and Penamacor. This new march was promptly executed, and Townshend's Portuguese soldiers endured the greatest privations, but his men successfully attacked a French force escorting a convoy near Sabugal, capturing many supplies.

Surprise attack

The same day, the Spanish force, who had taken Vila Velha on the 2nd, advanced on Porto Cabrão, leaving behind eight artillery pieces guarded by 200 grenadiers and 100 horses. General Burgoyne, who was in charge of the defence of the south bank of the Tagus in this area, noticed that only a small force was guarding the Spanish battery at Vila Velha and ordered lieutenant-colonel Charles Lee to take the head of a detachment (100 Portuguese grenadiers, 200 men of the 85th Foot and 50 men of the 16th Light Dragoons), to pass the Tagus and to attack this position. A Portuguese grenadier of the 2nd Cascais Infantry courageously crossed the Tagus with a rope to facilitate the passage of a barge, sacrificing his life in this action.

On 7 October, Lee's detachment, using surprise, launched a night attack and surprised the Spanish camp at Vila Velha. Although they were entrenched, surprise helped the British and Portuguese to overpower and disperse the Spanish horse and foot, inflicting considerable loss. As well as 250 Spanish killed, wounded, or captured, 6 guns and 60 artillery mules were acquired. Lee's primary target, however, was the artillery depot, which was mostly burned, some of it being taken. This was achieved at a cost of only 1 man killed and 10 wounded. The town was held as Portuguese and British reinforcements arrived the next day. The taking of Vila Velha effectively ended the Spanish and French invasion campaign

Aftermath

By the middle of October, the Franco-Spanish army decided to retreat into Spain with Lippe and Townshend pursuing them. The Spanish were forced to leave their sick behind, and by 24 October, the Spanish and French armies were back in Spain. A few skirmishes along the border as both sides went into Winter quarters. Still, the Spanish would try once more in November at Olivença Marvão and Ouguela, but they were repelled. On 22 November, the Spanish commander Count of Aranda proposed a truce to Lippe, and thus the campaign concluded.

See also

• Great Britain in the Seven Years' War

Bibliography

• Jaques, Tony. Dictionary of Battles and Sieges. Greenwood Press, 2007
• Kirby, Mike, The Portuguese Army - Seven Years' War, Seven Years' War Association Journal, Vol. XII No. 3
• Pereira Sales, Ernesto Augusto; O Conde de Lippe em Portugal, Vila Nova de Famalicao: Publicacoes da Comissao de Historia Militar, 1936, pp. 55–62
• McHugh, Don, and Mike Kirby, The Portugal Campaign 1762 - France and Spain Invade, Seven Years' War Association Journal Vol. XII No.
• Howson, Gerald. Burgoyne of Saratoga, Times Press, 1979