Wikipedia

Bazyli Doroszkiewicz

Bazyli (secular name Włodzimierz Doroszkiewicz) (born 15 March 1914 in Cisy - 11 February 1998 in Warsaw) was a Polish Orthodox bishop, the fifth Metropolitan of Warsaw and all Poland, head of the Polish Autocephalous Orthodox Church from 1970 to his death in 1998.

Bazyli Doroszkiewicz
Metropolitan of Warsaw and all Poland
Metropolita warszawski i całej Polski
Native name
Włodzimierz Doroszkiewicz
ChurchPolish Orthodox Church
Elected24 January 1970
Installed1 March 1970
Term ended11 February 1998
PredecessorGeorge Korenistov
SuccessorSawa Hrycuniak
Personal details
Born(1914-03-15)March 15, 1914
Cisy
DiedFebruary 11, 1998(1998-02-11) (aged 83)
Warsaw
BuriedOrthodox Cemetery in Warsaw
NationalityPolish
DenominationEastern Orthodox Christianity
Occupationpriest
Alma materVilnius Theological Seminary

In 1938, he was ordained a presbyter. Until 1960, he conducted pastoral work in various parishes in the Białystok Region and the Grodno region. In December 1959, he made his perpetual vows, taking the name Bazyli. The following year he was ordained Bishop of Bielsko, vicar of the Warsaw-Bielsk diocese, where he remained for a year. Then, from 1962 to 1970, he was the bishop of Wrocław and Szczecin. As the Ordinary of that diocese, he contributed to the organization of several dozen new parishes created to meet the needs of those displaced by Operation "Wisła". In 1970, he assumed the office of Metropolitan of Warsaw and all Poland. During his term as head of Polish Orthodox Church, there was a significant revival of contacts with other local Orthodox Churches, as well as the opening of four monasteries and the establishment of two new dioceses and the Orthodox Ordinariate of the Polish People's Army.

Biography

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Education and priesthood

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He was born in the small village of Cisy, baptized in the parish of the Exaltation of the Cross of the Lord in Narew, in the then Hajnówka County, into a peasant family[1] of Aleksy and Maria Doroszkiewicz, as one of six children.[2]

He studied at the theological seminary in Vilnius from 1927 to 1936, where he also obtained his high school graduation examination.[1] After graduating from the seminary, he applied for the admission to study at the Center for Orthodox Theology at the University of Warsaw. His candidacy was rejected because he declared Belarusian nationality in the survey.[3][4] He then went to Grodno, where Bishop Antoni (Marcenko) sent him to work in the Orthodox parish in Svislach as a psalmist. On 6 September 1937,[3] as a married man,[5] he was ordained a deacon by bishop Sava (Sovetov). The same priest recommended him to study at the Orthodox Theology School in Warsaw, thanks to whom Włodzimierz Doroszkiewicz was accepted this time.[6]

On 17 April 1938, he was ordained a priest.[7] He conducted pastoral ministry in Łyskowo, Gronostawice, Svislach, Michałowo (in the years 1940–1943 as a vicar and until 1946 as a parish priest) and in Gródek.[2]

During World War II, he was repressed by both the Soviet and German authorities (he was reported to the Gestapo).[8] After the end of the war, he had a positive attitude towards the socialist system introduced in Poland.[9]

He worked in the last mentioned town from 1946 to 1960, directing the works on the construction of the parish church.[10] Between 1957 and 1960, he combined his pastoral service with the work of a lecturer at the Orthodox theological seminary in Warsaw.[11]

With his wife Margaryta, he had daughters Iraida and Mirosława and a son Jerzy. In 1959, however, he decided to separate from his wife and take monastic vows. According to his own memories, the motive for this decision was, apart from his vocation as a monk, the difficult financial situation of his family.[5]

Bishop

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On 30 December 1959 Włodzimierz Doroszkiewicz took perpetual monastic vows in the monastery of St. Onufry in Jabłeczna and took the name Bazyli.[3] On 11 January 1960, he was granted the dignity of archimandrite.[12] On 25 March 1960, in the Cathedral of St. Mary Magdalene in Warsaw, he accepted episcopal chirotony and was appointed vicar of the Warsaw-Bielsk diocese with the title of Bishop of Bielsko.[1]

On 5 May 1961, Bishop Bazyli was transferred to the Wrocław-Szczecin diocese. In the new diocese, he significantly contributed to the creation of its cathedral, the Cathedral of the Nativity of the Blessed Virgin Mary (Polish: Sobór Narodzenia Przenajświętszej Bogurodzicy we Wrocławiu). In 1962, based on his work on Catholic Mariology in the first half of the 20th century, he received a master's degree in theology, completing his studies that he began before World War II.[13]

In the same year, after the election of Archbishop Timothy Szretter as metropolitan of Warsaw and all Poland, Bishop Bazyli protested against this decision of the bishops' council as being made contrary to the provisions of the Church's statute (according to him, the local council should choose the superior).[14]

In 1962, in a note from the Office for Religious Affairs, bishop Bazyli was described as a "limited" man, with little political experience, associated with the "most devotional" circles of the Church. Four years earlier, the priest had been recruited to cooperate with the Security Service in Białystok.[15]

In the Wrocław-Szczecin diocese, Bishop Bazyli organized church life among the people who were resettled to the western lands of Poland as a result of Operation Vistula and repatriation from the Eastern Borderlands. He created 42 new parishes.[16] He also sent letters to the Office for Religious Affairs in which he emphasized problems with staffing the parishes of the diocese, the low level of education of clergy, and suggested organizing two-year courses in Wrocław preparing for priestly ordination, as well as further theological studies at the Christian Theological Academy. He suggested that the courses could prepare clergy serving in Polish to work in the diocese, which would bring benefits to both the church and the state.[17] The bishop was a supporter of the polonization of his diocese and was reluctant towards the Ukrainians living there. He believed that Ukrainian nationalism might be revived in their community, which would then lead to internal conflicts in the church, preventing its normal functioning.[18]

Bishop Bazyli Doroszkiewicz worked to create an Orthodox diocese covering the area of Subcarpathian Voivodeship, which was to constitute a base for missionary activities among Greek Catholic Church followers: Ukrainians and Lemkos. In the 1960s, he sent several letters to the Office for Religious Affairs, in which he suggested establishing a diocese of Krakow-Rzeszów or Sanok-Przemyśl, which would be headed by, after taking monastic vows, Aleksander Dubec.[19]

Metropolit

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Bazyli in 1970

After the death of Stefan, Metropolitan of Warsaw and all Poland, he was elected as his successor on 24 January 1970.[13] The state authorities supported the candidacy of Bishop Bazyli as the new head of the Polish Orthodox Church due to the content of the memorandum he had previously submitted with proposals for transformations in the church and the new nationality policy of Polish Orthodox Church.[20] The Office for Religious Affairs also found that Bazyli's unfavourable attitude towards the Polish Catholic Episcopate and his support for the ecumenical movement, as well as his understanding of the changes taking place in the world, were in his favor.[15] Finally, it was found that Bazyli was a spokesman for the Polish and socialist raison d'état both in his domestic and foreign activities.[21]

The enthronement of the new head of the Church took place on March 1, 1970, in the Cathedral of St. Mary Magdalene in Warsaw under the leadership of Patriarch Ephrem II of Georgia,[13] with the participation of delegations from the Patriarchates of Constantinople, Moscow, Romania, Serbia, Bulgaria and Georgia, Czechoslovakia and Greece.[22] According to the researcher Antoni Mironowicz, his election as Metropolitan of Warsaw and all of Poland was a key event in the process of regaining stability by Polish Orthodox Church after World War II.[23]

On 12 October 1970, the metropolitan founded the Polish-speaking parish of Saints Cyril and Methodius in Wrocław, at that time the only such pastoral institution in Poland. He was convinced that only the polonization of pastoral care in the diocese would prevent the development of ethnic conflicts in its territory, as well as stop the departure of the faithful to the Catholic Church.[24]

In the year of the election of Metropolitan Bazyli, with his participation, work on the new internal statute of Polish Orthodox Church[25] and the parish statute were finalized. In the same year, the council of bishops, under the direction of the metropolitan, also reorganized the schools run by the church, including the theological seminary in Warsaw. A new church press organ was also established, in addition to the Russian-language Tserkovnogo Vestnik, the news of the Polish Orthodox Church began to be published in Polish.[23]

In the years 1971–1972, the metropolitan corresponded with the Primate of Poland, Stefan Wyszyński, regarding Orthodox-Catholic conflicts over the ownership of religious buildings in Polany, Komańcza and Rokosowo. He also continued efforts to create a diocese, or at least two deaneries, in Podkarpacie.[26]

In 1971, he was registered as a secret collaborator with the pseudonym Włodzimierz.[15] According to the assumptions of the Security Service of the Polish People's Republic, his cooperation was to consist in infiltrating the Church and "nationalist circles" within it and abroad, as well as acting against the Roman Catholic Church. He was considered to be one of the most valuable secret collaborators among the Orthodox clergy.[27]

 
Bazyli (in right) with Russian bishop Vladimir Kotlyarov

As the head of PAKP, Bazyli Doroszkiewicz contributed to the reactivation of the Annunciation Monastery in Supraśl and the founding of monasteries in Wojnów, Białystok-Dojlidy and Ujkowice, as well as to the construction of over 100 Orthodox churches and chapels throughout the country. Moreover, during his term of office as Metropolitan of Warsaw and all Poland, two new dioceses were established: Przemyśl-Nowo Sącz (after many years of the metropolitan's efforts, it was finally established in 1983) and Lublin-Chełm (in 1989). In 1994, the Orthodox Ordinariate of the Polish Army, operating under the rights of a diocese, began its operations. Metropolitan Bazyli also admitted the autonomous Portuguese Orthodox Church and two parishes in Italy to the jurisdiction of Polish Orthodox Church. In 1994, he conducted the canonization of Maxim Sandovich (from now on known as Saint Maksym Gorlicki), which was the first such event in the church.[12]

During his tenure as primate of the Polish Orthodox Church has developed extensive cooperation with other orthodox churches.[13] During his term of office, he visited the Ecumenical Patriarchate of Constantinople, the Russian Orthodox Church, the Greek Orthodox Church, the Bulgarian Orthodox Church, the Romanian Orthodox Church, the Orthodox Church of the Czech Lands and Slovakia, the Orthodox Church in America and the autonomous Finnish Orthodox Church.[28] He was also a participant in the ecumenical movement: he took part in the work of the Christian Peace Conference and was vice-president of the Polish Ecumenical Council. The metropolitan developed Polish Orthodox Church's charitable and social activities. In 1991, he initiated the establishment of the parish of St. Michael the Archangel the Iconographic Study School,[29] and in 1996 the School of Psalmists and Orthodox Church Conductors in Hajnówka.[14] He also contributed to the creation of new organizations bringing together lay faithful of the church, including the Orthodox Youth Brotherhood.[12]

He died in Warsaw of a stroke. In the last month of his life, when he was in hospital, he was unable to fulfill his duties as metropolitan.[30] The funeral ceremonies took place on 13 February 1998, in the cathedral in Warsaw, in the presence of representatives of the Patriarchate of Constantinople (Metropolitan of Paris Jeremia Kaligiorgis) and the Patriarchate of Moscow (Metropolitan of Volokolamsk Pitirim Nechayev), representatives of state authorities and other churches operating in Poland. He was buried in the Orthodox cemetery in Wola.[31]

References

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Citations

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  1. ^ a b c Czykwin 1998, p. 5.
  2. ^ a b Czykwin 1998, pp. 13–14.
  3. ^ a b c Gerent 2007, p. 155.
  4. ^ Czykwin 1998, p. 18.
  5. ^ a b Czykwin 1998, p. 29.
  6. ^ Czykwin 1998, p. 19.
  7. ^ Gerent 2007, p. 158.
  8. ^ J. Łabyncew, Ł. Szczawinska. "ВАСИЛИЙ".
  9. ^ Sychowicz 2005, p. 132.
  10. ^ Czykwin 1998, pp. 25–28.
  11. ^ Gerent 2007, p. 159.
  12. ^ a b c Gerent 2007, p. 156.
  13. ^ a b c d Czykwin 1998, p. 6.
  14. ^ a b Urban 1996, p. 97.
  15. ^ a b c Krzysztofiński & Sychowicz 2008, pp. 87–88.
  16. ^ Czykwin 1998, p. 31.
  17. ^ Gerent 2007, pp. 172–173.
  18. ^ Gerent 2007, pp. 204–205.
  19. ^ Urban 1996, pp. 156–157.
  20. ^ Urban 1996, p. 218.
  21. ^ Michalak 2014, p. 124.
  22. ^ Mironowicz 2001, p. 279.
  23. ^ a b Mironowicz 2001, p. 283.
  24. ^ Urban 1996, pp. 270–271.
  25. ^ Mironowicz 2001, p. 250.
  26. ^ Mironowicz 2001, p. 284.
  27. ^ Michalak 2014, p. 271.
  28. ^ Czykwin 1998, p. 7.
  29. ^ Mironowicz 2001, p. 321.
  30. ^ Czykwin 1998, pp. 9, 52.
  31. ^ Czykwin 1998, p. 8.

Bibliography

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  • Czykwin, Eugeniusz (1998). Mogę spokojnie umierać. Bazyli prawosławny metropolita Warszawski i całej Polski 1914 – 1998 (in Polish). Białystok: Orthdruk. ISBN 83-85368-44-2.
  • Gerent, Piotr (2007). Prawosławie na Dolnym Śląsku w latach 1945–1989 (in Polish). Toruń: Adam Marszałek. ISBN 978-83-7441-468-5.
  • Sychowicz, Krzysztof (2005). Stosunki polsko-białoruskie w województwie białostockim w latach 1944–1956 (in Polish). Warsaw: Instytut Pamięci Narodowej. ISBN 83-89078-95-3.
  • Urban, Kazimierz (1996). Kościół prawosławny w Polsce 1945-1970 (in Polish). Kraków: Nomos. ISBN 83-85527-35-4.
  • Krzysztofiński, Mariusz; Sychowicz, Krzysztof (2008). W kręgu "Bizancjum", "Aparat represji w Polsce Ludowej (1944–1989) (in Polish).
  • Mironowicz, Antoni (2001). Kościół prawosławny na ziemiach polskich w XIX i XX wieku (in Polish). Białystok: Wydawnictwo Uniwersytetu w Białymstoku. ISBN 83-7431-046-4.
  • Michalak, Ryszard (2014). Polityka wyznaniowa państwa polskiego wobec mniejszości religijnych w latach 1945–1989 (in Polish). Zielona Góra: Oficyna Wydawnicza Uniwersytetu Zielonogórskiego. ISBN 83-7431-046-4.
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Eastern Orthodox Church titles
Preceded by Metropolitan of Warsaw and all Poland
1970–1998 		Succeeded by
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