Wikipedia

List of sculptures of Ludwig van Beethoven

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The German composer Ludwig van Beethoven (1770–1827) is among the most admired composers in the history of Western music,[1] and has been the subject of many private and public sculptures, including busts, reliefs, statues and others. The first, a bust by Franz Klein, was commissioned by Johann Andreas Streicher and created in 1812, while the composer was still alive.[2] After Beethoven's death in 1827, his hometown, Bonn, immediately began planning a monument for the following year,[3] though a cholera outbreak delayed this.[4] A design competition was eventually held, in which a submission by Ernst Julius Hähnel beat ones from Friedrich von Amerling, Gustav Blaeser and Friedrich Drake. In 1845, Hähnel's monument was erected, due to finances given by Robert Schumann, Charles Hallé, George Thomas Smart and especially Franz Liszt.[3][5] While the monument's height and simplicity were criticized, the reliefs surrounding the base were met with public approval.[5] The statue's representation of a figure standing on a decorated base with its legs slightly apart was popular at the time, and later inspired Theodore Baur's statue of c. 1895 in the Library of Congress.[6]

Bust of Beethoven by Hugo Hagen, 1892, Library of Congress, Washington, D.C.

The Beethoven monuments that followed Hähnel's, while retaining a high pedestal,[7] began to portray the composer in a less simplistic and increasingly heroic light.[8] The most significant representative of this, and the most famous Beethoven monument from the second half of the 19th century, was Kaspar von Zumbusch's 1880 monument in Beethovenplatz [de], Vienna.[9] The city had intended to erect a monument for Beethoven since his death,[3] but serious action to do so began only in the 1870s, when a competition for a design was held and Zumbusch's winning design was created with financial support from Liszt and Brahms.[10]

In the early 20th century, the glorified portrayals of Beethoven reached their peak, with god-like representations such as Max Klinger's monument (1902), unveiled at the Vienna Secession[11] (now in the Museum der bildenden Künste),[12] and Fidus's unexecuted design for a 'Beethoven temple' (1903).[13] The 20th century also saw a brief return to the simplistic style of the 19th century, such as Robert Weigl's statue at the Heiligenstädter Park [de] in Vienna (1910) and Hugo Uher's [cs] statue in Karlsbad (1929).[14] Also at this time, Antoine Bourdelle and Naoum Aronson, both students of Auguste Rodin, began creating busts of the composer; Bourdelle was especially prolific.[15] As the century progressed, ideas on depicting Beethoven became largely ununified, and were often especially allegorical, such as Theodor von Gosen's monument in Alameda Central, Mexico City (1921).[16] In 1926, Berlin hosted a monument competition in preparation for the composer's 100th anniversary the following year; the entire competition was controversial and was eventually canceled due to criticism from the press and the committee's inability to form a consensus.[17] There had been submissions from famous sculptors including Ernst Barlach, Peter Breuer and Georg Kolbe, although Breuer and Kolbe eventually had their designs constructed in 1938 and 1948 respectively.[17] After World War II, experimentation in portraying Beethoven increased even further, exemplified by Klaus Kammerichs's [de] three-dimensional reproduction (1986) of Joseph Karl Stieler's painted portrait and Markus Lüpertz's controversial abstract portrayal (2014).[18][19]

There is a large collection of busts in the Beethoven House, a museum and cultural institution based in Bonn that studies Beethoven's life and legacy, including ones by an unknown artist based on a sculpture by Josef Danhauser (c. 1890);[20] Fernando Cian (first quarter of the 20th century);[21] Pierre Félix Masseau (1902);[22] Aronson (1905);[15] a mask supposedly by Wilhelm Hüsgen [de] (1920–1927);[23] Eduard Merz (1945/46);[24] Lewon Konstantinowitsch Lasarew [de] (1981);[25] and Cantemir Riscutia (1998).[26]

Sculptures

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Sculptures of Ludwig van Beethoven
Image Type Location Date[a] Sculptor Ref(s)
 
 Bust Kunsthistorisches Museum
Vienna, Austria   		1812 Franz Klein [2]
External image
  Anton Dietrich's Bust, on the Google Arts & Culture website
 Bust La Scala
Milan, Italy   		First half of the 19th century Anton Dietrich [27]
 
 Statue Münsterplatz [de]
Bonn, Germany   		12 August 1845 Ernst Julius Hähnel [3][5][28]
 
 Relief Liceu
Barcelona, Spain   		March 1847 Agapit Vallmitjana i Barbany [29]
External image
  Dorcière's relief, on the Statues – Hither & Thither website
 Relief Conservatoire de Musique de Genève
Geneva, Switzerland   		1856–58 Louis Dorcière [30]
 
 Bust Beethovengang, Heiligenstadt
Vienna, Austria   		15/23 June 1863 Anton Dominik Fernkorn [31]
 
 Bust Walhalla
Donaustauf, Germany   		1866 Arnold Hermann Lossow after Anton Dietrich [32]
External image
  Schaller's bust, on the Royal Society of Musicians of Great Britain's website
 Bust Royal Philharmonic Society
London, United Kingdom   		1871 Johann Nepomuk Schaller [33][34]
 
 Relief Frieze of Parnassus
Albert Memorial
London, United Kingdom   		1872 Henry Hugh Armstead [35]
 
 Statue Royal Museum of Fine Arts
Antwerp, Belgium   		1874 Jacques de Braekeleer [nl] [36][37]
 
 Other sculpture Galleria d'Arte Moderna
Milan, Italy   		1874 Giuseppe Grandi [38]
External image
  Giuseppe Grandi's sculpture, on the Google Arts & Culture website
 Other sculpture Galleria Civica d'Arte Moderna e Contemporanea
Turin, Italy   		1874 Giuseppe Grandi [39]
External image
  Bust by Bertheauld, on the Statues – Hither & Thither website
 Bust Grand Théâtre de Genève
Geneva, Switzerland   		1879 Bertheauld? [40]
 
 Statue Beethovenplatz [de]
Vienna, Austria   		1 May 1880 Kaspar von Zumbusch [9]
External image
  Relief on the Alte Oper, on the Statues – Hither & Thither website
 Relief Alte Oper
Frankfurt, Germany   		1880 Unknown [41]
 
 Bust Central Park
New York, New York, US   		22 July 1884 Henry Baerer [42][43][44]
External image
  Ferdinand Freiherr von Miller's bust, on the Tower Grove Park website
 Bust Tower Grove Park
St. Louis, Missouri, US   		1884 Ferdinand Freiherr von Miller [45]
External image
  Johannes French's bust, on the Statues – Hither & Thither website
 Bust Concertgebouw
Amsterdam, Netherlands   		1888 Johannes French [46]
 
 Bust Beethoven House
Bonn, Germany   		c. 1890 Unknown
(based on a sculpture by Josef Danhauser) 		[20]
 
 Bust Library of Congress
Washington, D.C., US   		1892 Hugo Hagen [47]
 
 Bust Prospect Park
New York, New York, US   		20 October 1894 Henry Baerer [48]
 
 Statue Naples, Italy   1895 Francesco Jerace [49]
 
 Statue Library of Congress
Washington, D.C., US   		c. 1895 Theodore Baur [6]
 
 Bust ?[b]
Last seen in Lincoln Park
Chicago, Illinois, US   		1897 Johannes Gelert [50]
 
 Relief Helenental [de]
Baden bei Wien, Austria   		1899 Josef Valentin Kassin [de] [51]
External image
  Thomas Crawford's statue, on the Digital Commonwealth Massachusetts Collections Online
 Statue New England Conservatory of Music
Boston, Massachusetts, US   		1900 Thomas Crawford [52]
 
 Bust Garden of the Beethoven House
Bonn, Germany   		First quarter of the 20th century Fernando Cian[c] [21]
 
 Bust Garden of the Beethoven House
Bonn, Germany   		1902 Pierre Félix Masseau [22]
 
 Statue Museum der bildenden Künste
Leipzig, Germany   		1902 Max Klinger [12][53][54]
External image
  Sculpture by an unknown artist, on the Statues – Hither & Thither website
 Relief (architectural) Burschenschaftsdenkmal [de]
Eisenach, Germany   		1902 Unknown [55]
 
 Other sculpture Museum of Fine Arts
Boston, Massachusetts, US   		After 1902 Max Klinger [56]
 
 Other sculpture Tiergarten
Berlin, Germany   		1904 Rudolf and Wolfgang Siemering [57]
 
 Bust Garden of the Beethoven House
Bonn, Germany   		1905 Naoum Aronson [15]
 
 Other sculpture Museum der bildenden Künste
Leipzig, Germany   		1907 Max Klinger [58]
 
 Statue Aston Webb Building, University of Birmingham
Birmingham, United Kingdom   		1907 Henry Alfred Pegram [59]
 
 Statue Heiligenstädter Park [de]
Döbling, Vienna, Austria   		1910 Robert Weigl [14][60]
 
 Bust Golden Gate Park
San Francisco, California, US   		6 August 1915 Henry Baerer [61]
Bust Parque de la Independencia
Rosario, Argentina   		1917 Erminio Blotta [62]
 
 Mask Garden of the Beethoven House
Bonn, Germany   		1920–1927 Wilhelm Hüsgen? [de][d] [23]
 
 Statue Alameda Central
Mexico City, Mexico   		1921 Theodor von Gosen [16]
 
 Relief Ungargasse 5
Vienna, Austria   		7 May 1924 Anton Grath [de] [63]
 
 Relief Malá Strana
Prague, Czech Republic   		March 1927 Otakar Španiel [64]
 
 Bust Sauerhof [de]
Baden bei Wien, Austria   		10 May 1927 Hans Mauer [de] [65]
 
 Bust Martonvásár, Hungary   1927 Jànos Pàsztor [66]
 
 Statue Nuremberg, Germany   1927 Konrad Roth [67]
 
 Statue Monument to Ludwig van Beethoven [cs]
Karlovy Vary, Czech Republic   		29 September 1929 Hugo Uher [cs] [68]
 
 Statue Budapest, Hungary   1932 János Horvay [69][70]
 
 Statue Pershing Square
Los Angeles, California, US   		14 October 1932[e] Unknown [71]
 
 Relief Rostock, Germany   1934 Paul Wallat [72]
 
 Statue [de] Alter Zoll [de]
Bonn, Germany   		1938 Peter Breuer [73]
 
 Other sculpture Plaza Lavalle [es]
Buenos Aires, Argentina   		15 November 1944 José Fioravanti [74]
 
 Bust Garden of the Beethoven House
Bonn, Germany   		1945/46 Eduard Merz [24]
 
 Statue(s) Frankfurt, Germany   1948 Georg Kolbe [75]
 
 Bust Redoute, Bad Godesberg
Bonn, Germany   		1955 Franz Rotter [76]
 
 Other sculpture Doblhoff Park
Baden bei Wien, Austria   		1969 Matija Vuković [77]
 
 Bust Graz Opera
Graz, Austria   		1969 Fred Pirker [78]
 
 Relief Hegyvidék (District XII)
Budapest, Hungary   		1970 László Csontos [79]
 
 Other sculpture Hlohovec, Slovakia   c. 1970 Unknown [80]
 
 Statue Jan Kochanowski Park
Bydgoszcz, Poland   		1970s Witold Marciniak [77]
 
 Statue Siolim
Goa, India   		1 May 1976 Cypriano Fernandes [81]
 
 Bust Parque de Berlín
Madrid, Spain   		1981 Unknown [82]
 
 Bust Garden of the Beethoven House
Bonn, Germany   		1981 Levon Lazarev [de] [25]
 
 Other sculpture Beethovenhalle
Bonn, Germany   		1986 Klaus Kammerichs [de]
after Joseph Karl Stieler 		[18]
Statue Naruto, Tokushima, Japan   1997 Peter Kuschel [de] [83]
 
 Bust Garden of the Beethoven House
Bonn, Germany   		1998 Cantemir Riscutia [26]
 
 Statue Jesús de Monasterio Park
Santander, Spain   		1999 Ramón Ruiz Lloreda [84]
External image
  Yuan Xikun's bust, on the Google Arts & Culture website
 Bust Jintai Art Museum
Beijing, China   		2004 Yuan Xikun [85]
External image
  Burkhard Mohr's bust, on the Statues – Hither & Thither website
 Bust Bad Godesberg
Bonn, Germany   		before 2008 Burkhard Mohr [de] [86]
 
 Other sculpture Stadtgarten [de]
Bonn, Germany   		30 March 2014 Markus Lüpertz [19][87]
 
 Statue(s) Martonvásár, Hungary   31 December 2014 Nagy János [88]

Bourdelle's sculptures

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The French sculptor Antoine Bourdelle (1861–1929) greatly admired Beethoven, of whom he created at least 45 sculptures from 1893 to the end of his life.[89][90][f]

Sculptures by Antoine Bourdelle
Image Type Location Date Ref(s)
External image
  Antoine Bourdelle's study, on the Smithsonian Institution website
 Bust
(a study) 		Hirshhorn Museum and Sculpture Garden
Washington, D.C., US   		1889 [91]
 
 Bust Cleveland Museum of Art
Cleveland, Ohio, US   		1891 [92]
 
 Bust Musée Ingres
Montauban, France   		1891 [93][94]
External image
  Antoine Bourdelle's mask, on the List Visual Arts Center website
 Mask List Visual Arts Center
Cambridge, Massachusetts, US   		1901 [95]
 
 Bust Musée Ingres
Montauban, France   		1901–1902 [96][97]
 
 Bust Beethovenhalle
Bonn, Germany   		1902 [98]
External image
  Antoine Bourdelle's bust, on Google Arts & Culture
 Bust Beethoven House
Bonn, Germany   		1902 [99]
 
 Bust Strasbourg Museum of Modern and Contemporary Art
Strasbourg, France   		1903 [100]
 
 Bust Musée d'Orsay
Paris, France   		1903 [101]
External image
  Antoine Bourdelle's statue, on the Courtauld Institute of Art's website
 Statue Musée Bourdelle
Paris, France   		1904–1908 [102]
External image
  Antoine Bourdelle's bust, on the Metropolitan Museum of Art's website
 Bust Metropolitan Museum of Art
New York, New York, US   		c. 1926 [1902] [103]
External image
  Antoine Bourdelle's statue, on a website dedicated to Beethoven
 Bust Montevideo, Uruguay   25 December 1927 [104]
 
 Other sculpture Musée Ingres
Montauban, France   		1927–1928 [105]
External image
  Antoine Bourdelle's statue, on the Princeton University Art Museum website
 Statue Princeton University Art Museum
Princeton, New Jersey, US   		1929 [106]
 
 Bust Jardin du Luxembourg
Paris, France   		1978 [1902] [107]
External image
  Antoine Bourdelle's bust, on the Ohara Museum of Art website
 Bust Ohara Museum of Art
Kurashiki, Japan   		Undated [108]

Unexecuted sculptures

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Unexecuted sculptures
Sketch Date Sculptor Ref(s)
 
 c. 1840 Gustav Blaeser [8]
 
 1840s Friedrich von Amerling [3]
 
 c. 1840–1845 Friedrich Drake [7]
 
 c. 1890 Emil Eugen Sachse [8]
 
 1903 Fidus [13]
 
 1926 Ernst Barlach [17][109]

See also

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Notes

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  1. ^ For public monuments the approximate date the work was unveiled is given if available; for other works the approximate time of creation is given.
  2. ^ The bust was stolen in 1970; only fragments remain.[50]
  3. ^ The portrait bust is based on a sculpture by Fernando Cian and is presumed to have been executed by Cian himself.[21]
  4. ^ Wilhelm Hüsgen [de] is the presumed creator of the mask.
  5. ^ Installed to honor William Andrews Clark Jr., founder of the Los Angeles Philharmonic[71]
  6. ^ So as not to overwhelm the list with sculptures by Bourdelle, the sculptures have been put in a separate section and limited.

References

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General
  • Comini, Alessandra (2008). The Changing Image of Beethoven: A Study in Mythmaking. Santa Fe, New Mexico: Sunstone Press. ISBN 978-0-86534-661-1.
Specific
  1. ^ Kerman, Joseph; Tyson, Alan; Burnham, Scott G. (2001). "Ludwig van Beethoven". Grove Music Online. Oxford, England: Oxford University Press. doi:10.1093/gmo/9781561592630.article.40026. ISBN 978-1-56159-263-0. Archived from the original on 2 March 2021. Retrieved 17 March 2021. (subscription or UK public library membership required)
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  6. ^ a b "Further development of the Bonn type of monument". Beethoven House. April 2002. Archived from the original on 8 October 2020. Retrieved 21 September 2020.
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  32. ^ Steiger, Simone (2011), Die Bildnisbüsten der Walhalla bei Donaustauf: Von der Konzeption durch Ludwig I. von Bayern zur Ausführung (1807–842) (PDF) (in German), p. 299, archived (PDF) from the original on 1 November 2018, retrieved 15 April 2021
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