Berehove (Ukrainian: Берегове, IPA: [beˈrɛɦowe]; Hungarian: Beregszász, IPA: [ˈbɛrɛksaːs]) is a city in Zakarpattia Oblast, western Ukraine. It is situated near the border with Hungary.
Berehove
Берегове Beregszász | |
|---|---|
     
| |
 Flag  Coat of arms | |
  Berehove Location of Berehove .svg) Berehove Berehove (Ukraine) | |
| Coordinates: 48°12′20″N 22°38′50″E / 48.20556°N 22.64722°E | |
| Country |  Ukraine |
| Oblast | Zakarpattia Oblast |
| Raion | Berehove Raion |
| Hromada | Berehove urban hromada |
| Incorporated | 1945 |
| Government | |
| • Mayor | Zoltán Babják[1] |
| Area | |
• Total | 19 km2 (7 sq mi) |
| Elevation | 115 m (377 ft) |
| Population (2022)[2] | |
• Total | 23,325 |
| • Density | 1,200/km2 (3,200/sq mi) |
| Time zone | UTC+2 (EET) |
| • Summer (DST) | UTC+3 (EEST) |
| Postal code | 90200 |
| Area code | +380-3141 |
| Climate | Cfb |
| Website | beregivska |
It is the cultural centre of the Hungarian minority in Ukraine, and Hungarians constitute roughly half (a plurality) of its population.
The city serves as the administrative center of Berehove Raion. It has a population of 23,325 (2022 estimate).[2]
Name
editThe city has many different variations of spelling its name: Romanian: Bereg, Rusyn: Берегово (translit. Berehovo), Russian: Берегово (translit. Beregovo), Belarusian: Берагава (Łacinka Bierahava), Czech and Slovak: Berehovo, Yiddish: בערעגסאז, Beregsaz, German: Bergsaß, Polish: Bereg Saski.
Residents of Berehove voted on October 31, 2010, in a referendum on renaming the town to Beregszász, its Hungarian-language name.[3][4] Voter turnout was less than 52%, with 4,688 voting for for, 4,358 against, and 1,016 invalid ballots.[5]
Administrative division
editPart of the city is also a near adjacent village of Zatyshne of 504 people that has its representation in the city's council.
Hungarian was made a regional language in Berehove in September 2012; meaning it would be used in the town's administrative office work and documents.[6] This was made possible after new legislation on languages in Ukraine was passed in the summer of 2012.[6]
As of December 2020, all decisions of Zakarpattia's local councils on the functioning of regional languages, including Hungarian in Berehove, were cancelled.[7]
Geography
editClimate
editBerehove has an oceanic climate (Köppen: Cfb).
| Climate data for Berehove | |||||||||||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Month | Jan | Feb | Mar | Apr | May | Jun | Jul | Aug | Sep | Oct | Nov | Dec | Year |
| Daily mean °C (°F) | −2.4 (27.7) |
−0.2 (31.6) |
4.7 (40.5) |
10.7 (51.3) |
15.6 (60.1) |
18.5 (65.3) |
20.1 (68.2) |
19.7 (67.5) |
15.8 (60.4) |
10.4 (50.7) |
4.9 (40.8) |
0.3 (32.5) |
9.8 (49.6) |
| Average precipitation mm (inches) | 45 (1.8) |
38 (1.5) |
39 (1.5) |
46 (1.8) |
69 (2.7) |
86 (3.4) |
74 (2.9) |
68 (2.7) |
48 (1.9) |
44 (1.7) |
51 (2.0) |
58 (2.3) |
666 (26.2) |
| Source: Climate-Data.org[8] | |||||||||||||
History
editIn 1824, Berehove received the right to hold fairs 12 times a year. With the abolition of serfdom, the industrial development of the city began. Enterprises appeared, banks, savings banks, and credit institutions were opened.[9]
In 1910, out of 12,933 inhabitants 12,432 were Hungarians (96.1%), 221 Ukrainians (Ruthenians) and 140 Germans.[10] On April 27, 1919, the city was occupied by Czechoslovak and Romanian troops. At the end of 1919, according to the Saint-Germain Peace Treaty, it became part of Czechoslovakia.[11]
It was the capital of the Kingdom of Hungary's Bereg County until 1920 and between 1940 and 1945.
From 1920 until 1938 it was part of Czechoslovakia. Prior to World War II, the city had a significant Jewish population, estimated at 8,000 persons. Only four returned following the war.[12]
A local newspaper has been published here since December 1945.[13]
In January 1989 the population was 30,157 people.[14][15]
The first Hungarian-language college in Ukraine is in Berehove, the II. Rákoczi Ferenc College.[16]
Demographics
editAs of the 2001 Ukrainian census, Berehove had a population of 26,554 inhabitants. Numbering roughly 12,800 people, Hungarians were the largest ethnic group in the city. The second largest ethnic group were Ukrainians (10,300), followed by Gypsies (1,700) and Russians (1,500). The remaining population consists of Germans, Poles, Slovaks, Armenians and Belarusians. The exact composition was as follows:[17]
In terms of languages, a slim majority speaks Hungarian as their native language. Ukrainian is spoken by a large minority, smaller groups speak Slovakian and Armenian. The exact composition was as follows:[18]
Notable people
edit- Rabbi Hugo Gryn (1930–1996) was born here on June 25, 1930, and became well known as a broadcaster in Britain.
- Julius Rebek (born April 11, 1944), American chemist and expert on molecular self-assembly was born here.
- Csaba Czébely (born December 3, 1975), the drummer of Hungarian heavy metal band Pokolgép.
- Géza Kalocsay (born May 30, 1913, died September 26, 2008), former Hungarian and Czechoslovak footballer, football manager e.g. Standard Liège, FK Partizan, Górnik Zabrze.
- Aranka Siegal (born June 10, 1930) is a writer, Holocaust survivor, and recipient of the Newbery Honor and Boston Globe-Horn Book Award, both awarded to her in 1982.
- Andrea Bocskor (born August 11, 1978[19]), politician who in the 2014 European Parliament election in Hungary was elected into the European Parliament.[20] Hence, Bocskor became the first elected Ukrainian citizen in the European Parliament.[20]
- The parents of Nobel Prize–winning economist Milton Friedman lived there before emigrating to the United States.
- Michael Moskowitz (born December 22, 1951), Ukrainian-American analytical chemist and translator, survivor of the 2023 Bedford explosion. [21]
- Sári Fedák (1879–1955), Hungarian actress and singer was born here.
- Nandor Fodor (1895–1964), parapsychologist, psychoanalyst, author and journalist.
- Alen Panov (1978), Ukrainian diplomat, lawyer and professor of Uzhhorod National University
International relations
editTwin towns — Sister cities
editBerehove is twinned with:
-
![Jewish mikve in Berehove (now a bank[22])](//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/a7/%D0%91%D0%B5%D1%80%D0%B5%D0%B3%D0%BE%D0%B2%D0%BE2.jpg/120px-%D0%91%D0%B5%D1%80%D0%B5%D0%B3%D0%BE%D0%B2%D0%BE2.jpg)
Jewish mikve in Berehove (now a bank[22]) -
The dam in Berehove Postcard 1900 -
City limit sign, in three scripts, two languages
![Jewish mikve in Berehove (now a bank[22])](/wiki/File:%D0%91%D0%B5%D1%80%D0%B5%D0%B3%D0%BE%D0%B2%D0%BE2.jpg)
See also
edit- Great Synagogue, Berehove
References
edit- ^ (in Ukrainian) In Berehove, Transcarpathia, the majority of the council was occupied by representatives of Hungarians, Ukrayinska Pravda (3 November 2020)
- ^ a b Чисельність наявного населення України на 1 січня 2022 [Number of Present Population of Ukraine, as of January 1, 2022] (PDF) (in Ukrainian and English). Kyiv: State Statistics Service of Ukraine. Archived (PDF) from the original on 4 July 2022.
- ^ Information by Fedir Shandor, the Head of the Carpathian Polling Research Center according to Ukrainian Radio website Archived 2010-11-25 at the Wayback Machine
- ^ Берегсас вместо Берегово (GLAVRED: Beregszász instead of Berehove) November 5, 2010
- ^ "Mégis Beregszász lesz Berehovóból! | Kitekintő.hu". Archived from the original on 2016-04-14. Retrieved 2015-09-06.
- ^ a b Romanian becomes regional language in Bila Tserkva in Zakarpattia region, Kyiv Post (24 September 2012)
- ^ (in Ukrainian) Рішення місцевих рад щодо регіональних мов на Закарпатті скасовано — Кремінь, Suspilne
- ^ "Climate: Berehove". Climate-Data.org. Retrieved 18 April 2014.
- ^ Smolij, Valerij Andrijovyč, ed. (2003). Encyklopedija istoriï Ukraïny. T. 1: A - V. Kyïv: Naukova Dumka. ISBN 978-966-00-0734-5.
- ^ (Hungarian) Szarka László. "A városi magyar népesség a Magyarországgal szomszédos országokban (1910-2000)" (PDF). p. 201. Archived from the original (PDF) on 2018-10-07. Retrieved 2008-06-25.
- ^ "БЕРЕГОВЕ". resource.history.org.ua. Retrieved 2023-12-07.
- ^ Jim Bawden, "Auschwitz twin confronts past". Toronto Star, March 5, 2001: C7.
- ^ № 2746. «Красное знамя» // Летопись периодических и продолжающихся изданий СССР 1986 - 1990. Часть 2. Газеты. М., «Книжная палата», 1994. стр.360
- ^ Всесоюзная перепись населения 1989 г. Численность городского населения союзных республик, их территориальных единиц, городских поселений и городских районов по полу
- ^ Берегово // Большой энциклопедический словарь (в 2-х тт.). / редколл., гл. ред. А. М. Прохоров. том 1. М., «Советская энциклопедия», 1991. стр.128
- ^ "Скільки дітей в Україні навчаються мовами національних меншин?".
- ^ "Національний склад міст". Datatowel.in.ua (in Ukrainian). Retrieved 2024-06-01.
- ^ "Всеукраїнський перепис населення 2001" [All-Ukrainian population census 2001]. 2001.ukrcensus.gov.ua (in Ukrainian). Retrieved 2024-10-29.
- ^ Andrea BOCSKOR, European Parliament
- ^ a b (in Ukrainian) A citizen of Ukraine has become a Member of European Parliament, Ukrayinska Pravda (3 July 2014)
- ^ "More than a dozen injured; 1 killed in explosion at metal manufacturing facility near Bedford". News 5 Cleveland WEWS. 2023-02-20. Retrieved 2024-09-09.
- ^ "Google Maps".
External links
edit
- City of Berehove official website (Ukrainian)
- City of Bereghovo official website (English Version)
- Berehove in the Encyclopedia of Ukraine
- Berehove - Shtetlink